The Common Difference Of The Shape And Meaning Of Used Chinese Characters In Common Use In China And Japan, And Its Positive/negative Transfers To The Second Language Learners In These Two Countries

From character shape and character meaning, we compare 3500 Chinese characters in common use and 1945 Japanese Chinese characters in common use, we could find out their similarities and differences. Based on comparison, we analyze the positive/negative transfers that these Chinese characters bring to each other's second language learners (Native Chinese learning Japanese and native Japanese learning Chinese, same below). We hope it would be helpful to language teaching.As for the character shape, we start from the normalizations of Chinese characters done by both countries, and classify four kinds as follows: the characters that have been simplified by China but not by Japan, the characters that have been simplified by Japan but not by China, the characters that have been simplified by both countries, the characters that haven't been simplified by both countries. Based on this, we analyze which characters have same shape, which characters have little difference in shape, which characters have much differencein shape. And finally we find out which Chinese characters have positive transfers and which Chinese characters have negative transfers to the second language learner of both countries.As for the character meaning, we compare each meaning of the Chinese characters in common use which used by both countries, and classify three kinds as follows: the characters that have same meaning, the characters that have partially common meanings, the characters that having totally different meanings, and we analyze the main cause. Finally we find out which Chinese characters have positive transfers and which Chinese characters have negative transfers to the second language learner of both countries.