Comparative Study Of Bhkuni Sangha In Jin Dynasty, The Southern And Northern Dynasty And Tang Dynasty

This thesis is about the study of history of Chinese Bhkuni Sangha .In Buddha Age there were many problems when women joined the Sangha ,so Buddhism reformed and expanded,women'joining enriched Buddhism. The study of history of China Bhkuni Sangha is helpful for clarifying some problems of China Buddhism history. With the Tang Dynasty, one was split by chaos caused by war, at the same time culture was merged in the Northern and Southern Dynasties of two the Jin Dynasties; Another one is that the economic culture is highly prosperous, relatively unified era. Bhkuni Sangha demonstrate different surface phase and development trend. China Buddhism and Bhkuni Sangha both originated from India. Women had humble position in social and religious life in Buddha Age. Buddhism call for equality of all people ,including equality between man and woman. At last, Buddha allowed women to go into the Sangha on the condition of women'taking on the eight commands given by the Buddha to his foster-mother .Bhkuni system became maturity gradually, and the nuns acquired a lot of achievements. Hinajana has many passive views about women,nuns'possition was lower than before. About 1 century, Mahayana commended and promoted women, at the same time called for equality between man and woman. Buddhism spreaded out in China with Hinajana and Mahayana, the indulgent and laudatory attitude of women in Mahayana offer the probability of establishment of Bhkuni system. But Chinese women have entered monk's gal for late nearly one hundred years than man At the beginning of 4 century , Bhkuni system came into China, < Biography of Bhkuni>(Bao chang):Jing Jian received Ten Circlet at the help of Zhi Shan, and after finishing the translation of Bhkuni Karman and taboo,they received Full ordination,then Jing Jian became the first Bhkuni of China.But there were some doubts ,because taboo claim nuns must received taboo at the front of nuns and monks,but there had not enough nuns come up to taboo.So the question had't been shoveled until several Srilankani nuns came to China. Since the first Bhkuni Sangha of China established,the Bhkuni system conveyed all over of China. From 3 century to 6 century, Bhkuni Sangha established,developed,and integrated.Base on the datum in historical material, we could find there were a large number of nuns.Those nuns of Southern Dynasty is enthusiastic in religious activities;while nuns of Northern Dynasty mostly became serving tools of governer. Except the cause of builder of Bhkuni temple , the different doctrine trachea of south and north is a important reason. Confucianism spurted and held the north, the profound wind gives the impression of weakness , it was " old tradition of study of Confucian classics of China " that prevailed in the north, but not represent the empty talk metaphysical idea towards the person distinguished personages at that time. "Unless after Yongjia cross the the south, it is profound wind go down south thereupon, the South the profound and distinguished and admirable, Confucianism declines. Whether under background this, monk group too for characteristic in Buddhism is it hold to build. The South serious justice study , in weight to build in fact the North have. Such schools as Cheng Shi , proving for the third time , nirvana ,etc. can develop in the South ; Being in weight to build in fact, the North value social morality Feitian. South Bhkuni were respected by the whole society and took an active part in social actives;North Bhkuni became the religious serving tools of lords,and few of them understood profundity in the Buddhism. 《Bhiksuni spreads》 has 26nuns of Tang Dynasty's material,《Tang Dynasty Bhkuni》 gleaned 73nuns'material. They were Shi Zu,Gong Ren,Zong Shi,and ordinary people.The background of Shi Zu nuns has three same points: 1 Regard Confucianism industry as the family to study ; 2 gift laws are rigorous; 3 Buddhism is its family faith. Imperial clan and palace people women become a monk in Bhiksuni order related to a kind of special one in the Tang Dynasty - interio...