A Comparative Study On Incipient Modernizations In China And England

The historical developments in China and England are very dramatic before and after the great change (modernization) of the human society, so it is significant to study the great change in China compared with England typically. The incipient modernization is the key step of the great change, and studying it is beneficial for us to understand the historical evolution of the great change fundamentally. Therefore, it is of peculiar significance to select the study on the incipient modernizations in China and England comparatively. Based on the history, difference comparison between them and the analysis on the formation reason, we can not only carry on a further and deeper research on the occurrence of the modernization, but also hold the essence on it and its latent trend.Part 1. Illustrate the history of incipient modernization in England. To do research on the incipient modernization of England is to do typical research on the endogenous incipient modernization, and also is to do research on the occurrence of the general modernization. To study the incipient modernization of England cannot avoid studying the original modernization of England. The original modernization of England is the prelude of the incipient modernization of England, and is the process of acquiring conditions that cause the incipient modernization of England. The original modernization of England experienced a very long period, which lasted several centuries. In contrary, the incipient modernization of England is smooth. Industrial Revolution breaking out marks that the incipient modernization of England launches formally, and the progress of the Industrial Revolution and the emergence of its social result is the concrete contents of the incipient modernization of England.Part 2. Illustrate the history of incipient modernization in China. To do research on the incipient modernization of China is to do typical research on the exogenous incipient modernization. The incipient modernization of China not takes place by itself but is started artificially. China response to the challenge from west is the basic research mode about the problem in traditional modernization theories, and is a kind of mode, which can be approved and accepted by most people. Modernization challenge from west is the basic inducement to the incipient modernization of China, and Opium War isthe basic fact reflects the challenge. The response of China is actually the start of the incipient modernization of China. China has no definite and long original modernization period, but the incipient modernization of China is not smooth.Part 3. Make a comparison between the two incipient modernizations. To do comparative research on the both is to do typical comparative research on the endogenous and the exogenous incipient modernization. There are obvious differences in type (form of take place), kind (mindset of worth), conditions (local situation), background (characteristics of age)...etc between the both, and insult their extremely different character (evolution characteristic): the incipient modernization of England is earlier, creative, self-moving (endogenous), naturally (voluntarily), slowly, mollify and from bottom to top; The incipient modernization of China is later, copies, aware of self (exogenous), factitiousness (compulsory), mutation, violent and from top to bottom.Part 4. Do research into the causes of the two incipient modernizations. To analyze in interaction the reason leading the difference in them is to make deep study on the occurrence of the general modernization. The educational circles make the research on this problem limited mainly at all kinds of European Special, such as the special environment, special culture, special system, even special race etc. These theories are obviously either unilateral or superficial. It is the entrance to comprehend accurately the incipient modernizations in China and England to investigate globularly and in the background of all the human's histories that England had but China had not the advantages of edge or colonization lately.