The Agriculture Improvement In The New Deal Of Late Qing Dynasty

The Late Qing Dynasty' innovation is always the focus of the study of Late Qing Dynasty, and scholars have wrote a great lot of articles and monographs about it, which involve bureaucracy system, police, school, railway, and so on, especially political reform. In recent years, many people begin to pay more attention to the reform of economy and society. But few scholars focused on agriculture improvement which involves the benefits of most people of China, especially being short of a unitary and deep study. If we can make a systemic study of the agriculture improvement of the Late Qing Dynasty ,it will not only enrich greatly the content of the study of the new deal of the Late Qing Dynasty, but also provide some experience that can benefit the three dimensional rural issues(Agriculture, countryside, and Farmer) which highly emphasized today.This thesis research the agriculture improvement that happened between 1901 and 1911.Between Opium War and the thought of emphasizing agriculture sprung up, and brought some new ideas about agriculture. From Jiawu War to the stage of the New Deal, the thought reached its climax. This part also gives the reason of the thought of emphasizing agriculture.The government's operation is very important for the running of reform. To lead the agriculture improvement of the Late Qing Dynasty, the central government set up the department of commerce which upgrading to the department of agriculture, industry and commerce, and accordingly the local government set up the bureau of agriculture, industry and commerce and other bureaus. The central government also made a series of laws and rules to lead the reform. Person with ability is also important to the agriculture improvement. People mastering special agriculture knowledge is trained in all kinds of agriculture schools set by thegovernment of the Qing Dynasty or by learning aboard. Agriculture providing grounds were set up everywhere to experiment and spread agriculture technology.Without the folk strength the Agricultural Improvement can get little advancement. Agricultural associations that most members are esquires are the main folk strength to practice the agriculture improvement.Agricultural Improvement has two effects: One is that new plants are cultured, new agriculture technologies are put into practicing, fertilizer and modern agriculture machine is introduced into China. The other is that the movement of population becomes faster, the order of society becomes worse, and some resources are wasted.Though Agricultural Improvement has its achievement in modern history, it cannot solve the final problem of China agriculture and it is only the beginning of modernization of agriculture.