The Protestant Missionary And The Science Of Western Medicine In Modern Shandong (1860-1937)

After the second opium war, according to de inequality treaty, the Christian of the western come to Shandong one after anther. The Protestant Missionary build the churches and enroll the believer of the religion. In their "charity activities", the emphasis is "medicine missionary enterprise".The modern medicine comes to Shandong by the Missionary. The Missionary build the Mission Hospitals and the dispensaries, also developing medical education. To 1937, more twenty Mission Hospitals are built by the Protestant Missionary in Shandong, they also build some medical schools. In the base of collecting Chinese and English datum, the thesis has a general discussion and evaluation for the activities of the missionary. It tries to give an impersonal evaluation from the whole and to summarize the characteristic of medicine enterprises in the given background of policy and economic. The exchange between Chinese and the Occident have the positive influence on the modern Shandong, it also have an available influence on the "medicine enterprise'The thesis has six parts:The first part: The background that the missionary spread Christianity. First, after the second Opium War, in the shield of the inequality treaty and the attraction of the superiority environment, the Western Church send a great deal of missionary to Shandong. They spread medicine by right of the Church. Second, the traditional medicine missionary and the modern medicine have an influence on the "medicine missionary enterprise" in Shandong.The second part: The thesis analyzes and demonstrates the cause that the Missionary spread medicine. It thinks adapting to the society in modern Shandong is the most case. Because medicine enterprises drop behind in the modern, yet medicine is needed by the crowd .The spreading of medicine makes for the Missionary approaching the crowd. It is important for the Missionary to open the door in Shandong.The third part: Medical activities of the Missionary were introduced. According to datum ,the thesis thinks the medical activities of the Protestant Missionary are divided intotwo periods: The first is the outset and development of "medicine missionary enterprise"in 1860-1900 .But it is impacted by lacking of the fund and the mass attitudes, the development of "medicine missionary enterprisers weak. The second phases is the high development of "medicine missionary enterprise". With the society opening and the crowd recognizing, many Missionary Hospitals are built.The Fourth part: Focus on discussing the western medicine education in Shandong. Medical missionary was cognizant that they did not meet the demand of Shandong people by themselves, and they must set up medical school and train the native doctor. This started the western medicine education in Shandong. They established medical college, and educated a lot of qualified medical personnel. They established nurse school to train the early professional nurses. This led the women go to society from home, and promoted the change of social custom.The fifth part: The characteristic of "enterprise of medicine missionary". This thesis laid special stress on analyzing the disproportion of missionary's medical work by the difference the strength of themselves and the recognition degree of Shandong.The Sixth part: The influence of "medicine missionary's enterprise" in Shandong. This thesis sums up the effect of "medicine missionary enterprise" in spreading western medicine and western culture. It transplanted western medicine to Shandong, and make Shandong people come into contact with modern western medicine, new type medical equipment, new medical technology etc. The transplanted of medical education and nurse education had important role on spreading western medicine.While spreading Western medicine, some medical missionary research and use traditional Chinese medicine. They introduce traditional Chinese medicine to the west, and promote the interchange between traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine.Of course, according to historical fact, this thesis point out that medical wo...