Analysis On The History And Changes Of Folk Culture's Living Context From Daoqing Drama In Henan Province

Daoqing drama is a kind of ancient art, which still exists so far. It had developed from a tool used by Taoism followers for propagating religious doctrines into an independent artistic form that is popular in all circles. Former researchers only regarded it as a literature and art design of the upper class, and neglected its another side as folk culture; mainly relied on literature, but overlooked fieldwork information; placed the focal point on tracing to its source, but pay no heed to its realistic existence state in social changes. This paper will comprehensively discuss the culture types and characteristics of Daoqing, meanwhile, mainly research into Daoqing drama's primary form —folk Daoqing drama. It studies Daoqing in terms of folklore, aiming at replenishing former research, discuss the history and changes of folk Daoqing drama's living context. Both internal and external research of Daoqing drama will be integrated in the paper. The paper is composed of three sections: introduction, text and conclusion. The introduction summarizes Daoqing drama, hackles the research history of Daoqing drama academically, points out problems in former research, and then puts forward the investigation objects, research methods and innovation of the paper. Then the main body covers four sections. 1 , The history of Daoqing drama. The section hackles the history and development of Daoqing drama according to literature from Tang dynasty to A.D. 1949. This period is divided into three phases. The first phase is Tang dynasty to Song dynasty. Daoqing drama came into being and rose in the period. The second phase is Yuan dynasty. Daoqing drama spreaded widely along with the expanding of activities and influence of Taoism's Quanzhen church. The third phase is from Ming dynasty and Qing dynasty to A.D. 1949. Daoqing drama reached the great prosperity and folk Daoqing drama became the main form of Daoqing drama. 2,The activity main body and culture types of Daoqing in history. According to the activity main boby of Daoqing, the author divides Daoqing into three culture types— religious Daoqing, literati Daoqing and folk Daoqing , and discuss the interaction among these three. 3,Folk Daoqing drama in Henan province. Firstly, it summarizes the history and geographical distribution of folk Daoqing drama in Henan province. Secondly, it mainly introduces Taikang county's Daoqing drama and Lingbao county's shadow puppet Daoqing drama from their histories, contents, forms , organizations, custom, heritage and so on. 4,The history and changes of folk Daoqing drama's living context. The historical and realistic living context of Daoqing drama is made up of feudal rulers, orthodox literati, torchbearers, revolutionaries, modern governments, researchers, amateurs who collect and record Daoqing drama, tour developers, media and such social forces. In modern society, the living context of folk Daoqing drama is more complex. Its meaning brings and transforms while interacting with various social forces. The conclunsion puts forward the ecological problems of folk culture, and advocates exploitation of folk culture should be reasonable, scientific and continuable, what's more, whatever exploitage under legitimate name should regard protecting the ecology of folk culture as the final purpose. On this problem, folklore should make its especial contribution. The research of folklore should be combined with current social development, economic development and protection of folk culture, which is also the key point that whether folklore could establish its own discipline status.