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A Research On Burial System Of Hongshan Culture And Relative Problems

Posted on:2006-11-13Degree:MasterType:Thesis
Country:ChinaCandidate:Z L XiongFull Text:PDF
GTID:2155360155454260Subject:Archaeology and Museology
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The burials of Hongshan Culture have been excavated more than 100 so far, which keeps be the focus concerned by researchers. However, the former studies were partially on burial artifacts and the temple, altar and tomb of Niuheliang. The problems, such as origins of Hongshan Culture, the burial systems, social labor division and classification need further study. Regarding to published archaeological reports and present methods of researching burials, this paper aims at explaining burial system, the relationship between such system and social reform, the origin and reasons why Hongshan Culture could be so prosperous as well.Part 1: Introduction.In this part, the author introduces the history of finding and researching Hongshan Culture and explains the reason why he chose such topic.Part 2: Researches on burial systems of Hongshan Culture.The burial system of Hongshan Culture is induced at the following respects, such as types and structures of burials, burial artifacts, the way to deal with the dead, sacrifices related with burials, classification and periodization, and the analysis of cemetery,Based on the dimension of burial pits, burial containers and the way burials being covered, burials of Hongshan Culture can be divided into three categories: pit burials, stone-coffin pit burials and stone-coffin stone burials. There is no classification within pit burials. However, there are status differences in the latter two burials. The early stage of burial artifacts has more categories, that is, stone articles, pottery, bone articles, and jades etc. And the burial artifacts of late stage mainly include jades. At this stage the combination of burial artifacts has appeared and differed on classes. The legs of burial occupants were foundmainly straight which follows crooked. And secondary burial was common at the late stage of Hongshan Culture.Sacrificing activities related with burials has occurred at the period of Hongshan Culture which included several types such as on-the-ground sacrifice, over-the-ground sacrifice, underground sacrifice and housing sacrifice. People began to choose consciously the way they sacrificed. And the discoveries of altar, temple, and huge tomb supplied important information for our knowing ancient religious and the thoughts of people at that time. It is also of great academic value to resolve problems of the origins of Chinese civilization and to understand the complexity of prehistory cultures.Part 3: Researches on burial systems and social reforms of Hongshan Culture.The author classifies from the factors of social labor division, social classification, and the formation of burial customs. And then explains that the social labor division and social classification had occurred and the burial customs had come into being at the time of Hongshan Culture.Part 4: Argument on the reasons of burial origin at the aspects of archaeological relics and remains, the geological construction, and the climate and environment.Part 5: Conclusion.The conclusion is as follows:1. The burial systems of Hongshan culture characterizes as follows: towmodes had been used when people arrange burrying space for the dead, one of the modes is that the burials wide scattered and distributed crisscross with houses. The other mode is that people kept the burial areas away from the housing areas. The burials of early stage of Hongshan Culture were pit burials in main, and the late were stone-coffin.Such development can be divided into 4 stages. The rank of combinations of burials and burial artifacts has occurred.
Keywords/Search Tags:Research
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