On Confucius' Benevolence And Tsze-chang's Contribution To It

There are two deficiencies on the germinal Confucianism. Firstly, our research on the idea of Confucius' benevolence have a misapprehend. Secondly, there is a scotoma on spreading them.Benevolence is the bases of Confucius' theory. And it have more extensive meaning than its meaning today in the germinal Confucianism. In fact, Confucius' thought about benevolence is a system which is not only practical but has different levels. It consists of four levels which are the perfect benevolence , the unattainable benevolence , the superior benevolence and the general benevolence. Relative, human being is also made up four levels, that is, Sage, The superior man, good man and scholar. In Confucius' theory, Sage embody the perfect benevolence, pursuing sage turn into the maximum to realize being' self - worth. A set of systems, however, owing to its over-idealization, is difficult to practice in real - life. Furthermore, society becomes more and more different after Confucius than before. It is essential to adjust untimeliness theory so as to let Confucius' thought to undertake new responsibility. Consequently , Tsze-chang, one of Confucius' most famous student, had bore this task and had developed his teacher' thought. In Confucion Analects, Tsze-chang said, 'The scholar, trained for public duty, seeing threatening danger, is prepared to sacrifice his life. When the opportunity of gain is presented to him, he thinks of righteousness. In sacrificing, his thoughts are reverential. In mourning, his thoughts are about the grief which he should feel. Such a man commands our approbation indeed. Tsze-chang also said, 'When a man holds fast to virtue, but without seeking to enlarge it, and believes in right...