The Investigations And Research For The Mental Health Status And Life Quality Of Old People In Jinan

Objective: To explore the mental health status of the retired old people living in the urban areas in Jinan City and probe into the impact on old people's mental health and life quality by various kinds of factors through the investigation into their subjective happiness sense. Provide the theoretical foundation for promoting old people's life quality and improve their mental health levels.methods: the evaluated tools in the study included the self-made general situation questionnaire, Symptom Checklist (SCL-90), Memory University of Newfoundland Happiness Measurement (MUNSH), Social Support Rating Scale (SSRI) ,etc. Take 2 residents committees in 4 urban areas respectively in Jinan city in the way of grouping in different social strata. 40 retired old persons were investigated at random by means of cluster sampling in each residents committee and carry out special individual investigations for the chosen old people. Altogether 320 old persons were investigated and get 294 effective questionnaires. As for the obtained data materials, To deal with them by using SPSS 10.0 count software for general describing analyses, t check, analysis of variance, ANOVA, multiple regression and relevant analysis.Results: 320 retired old persons are investigated in this research and obtain 294 effective questionnaires altogether. The effective answering rate is 91.87%. Among the 294 old persons, there are 128 men (43. 5%) and 166 women (56. 5%) aged between 60-92. The average age is 68. 91±6.54. There are 181 persons who have unusual psychological symptoms through the SCL-90 investigation, accounting for 61.56% of the total number. Through contrasting SCL-90 total points and every factor point on the basis of different sex, different economic situation, different health status or having spouse or not, and let them comparewith the national norm and students in the Old People's University in our city, To conclude that: The old people in Jinan City have higher figurers nationwide in terms of health factor, depression factor, dread factor, bigotry factor and total score. Remarkable difference exists by t check (p<0. 01), but have lower figurers nationwide in terms of interpersonal relationships and hostility, and remarkable difference exists by t check (p<0. 01); for different ages, the old people show great difference (p<0. 05 or) in 5 aspects: health factor, depression factor, anxiety factor, hostility factor and bigotry factor; for different sex: women have a higher figure than men in health factor, compulsion factor, depression factor, anxiety factor, dread factor and positive items, and significance difference exists by t check( p<0.01); factors divide according to different age bracket and the high factors include dread factor and bigotry factor as the age increases. The bigotry factor has significance meaning examined by t check (p<0. 01). Moreover, the health factor, depression factor, anxiety factor and hostile factor have the highest score s between the age 60-70. The difference is obvious compared with the other two groups of age bracket (0 p<0. 01); the factor score is different with different health status and that of people with chronic medical history is higher than that of people without chronic medical history; losing spouse can have a big influence on mental health of the old people; the factor score of people in better economic conditions is much lower. Concluded by multiple regression analysis: the factors which enter the equation on the level of p<0.05 are the following by the sequence: economic situation, health status, marital status, sex and age.The subjective happiness degree (MUNSH ) of the old people in this group is averaged by 32.68+15. 34. There are 34 people getting 20 points or below and the average score is 17. 56+9. 42; 56 people have a score between 20- 30 and the average score is 26. 96+8. 04; 160 people have a score between 30-40 and the average score is 35. 11+4. 98; 44 people have a score of 40 or above and the average score is 42. 80+6. 20. If we make 30 points as the line to divide theminto two groups: a better one and a worse one, there are 204 people in the first group and 90 people in the second one. Examined by F check we can conclude: the happiness degree of the old people does not have remarkable dependence with age, schooling and individual character characteristics (p> 0. 05), however, it is closely related with the job, marital status, economic situation, health condition and family relationship. There are significance differences (p<0. 01). As for the social support (SSRI) obtained by the old people in this group, the average score is: 34. 60+4. 15. The average score for the subjective support is: 8. 20+3. 57, and that for the objective support is: 20. 30+5. 30. The average score for utilizing the support is: 6.26+2.48. If we make 30 points as the line to divide them into two groups: a better one and a worse one, there are 176 people in the first group and 118 people in the second one.Most of the SCL-90 factor scores, SSRI latitude scores and the total points obtained by the relevant analyses of SCL-90 and SSRI are related with negative correlation, and the correlation coefficient is higher in the total points and objective support. But the correlation coefficient is lower in subjective support and the utilizing degree. The factors correlating with more than three latitudes at the same time in SSRI are 7 in all: health, compulsion, depression, anxiety, dread, bigotry, mental diseases factor ; the factors correlating with less than three latitudes are 3 in all: interpersonal relationships, hostility and other factors.Most of the positive emotions and positive experiences obtained by analyzing MUNSH and SSRI are related with the latitudes in social support in a positive way, while the negative emotions and negative experiences are related with the SSRI latitude factors in a negative way. This is fully explained: social support acts a positive role in improving the old people's subjective happiness degree. The more social support, the more positive emotions and positive experiences, they have the less negative emotions and negative experiences for them. Accordingly, they have a better life.Further analyses of SCL-90, MUNSH and the SSRI show that: underdifferent mental health states, the subjective happiness degree has obvious difference, and the social support obtained by them is also obviously different. There is significance difference by comparison (p<0. 01); under different social support, their mental health status and subjective happiness degree are different. Examined by t check, there is significance difference. The relevant analyses on the three subjects show that the total points of MUNSH and SCL-90 present notable negative correlation, and SCL-90 and each latitude in SSRI present notable negative correlation, while MUNSH and each latitude in SSRI present remarkable positive correlation. Both two-two analyses and the relevant analyses of the three subjects all show that: social support, mental health levels of old people and subjective happiness degree are closely related with each other. Conclusions:1. The unusual mental incidence of the old retired people is 61. 56%. The highest incidence of unusual mental is between the age 60-70.2. The unusual psychology of the old people are influenced by factors such as sex, age, health status, economic condition and having spouse or not, and is correlated obviously with the social support obtained.3. The subjective happiness degree of the old people basically is not influenced by factors such as sex, age, schooling and personal characters, but is obviously influenced by job, health status, marital status, economic situation and family relationship, etc. And it is obviously correlated with social support.4. The life quality of the old people is directly influenced by their mental states, family relationship, economic income, health status and social support.