A Study On Chinese Negative And Subjunctive Conditional Sentence

Grammar in the theory of three planes is "big-grammar". In this big-grammar, semantic and pragmatic become two aspects of the grammar research respectively. This brings those that do not have particular forms of syntax but have the characteristics of semantic and pragmatic into the study of grammar. Now, the negative and subjunctive conditional sentence is part of this kind of circumstance. When we express some subjunctive meaning, Chinese verb does not need to be used its special form, that is to say, sentences of the subjunctive meaning do not demand a particular form of verbs. Therefore, it is unnecessary to study verbs specifically when they are in the syntax construction, especially in the age of syntax construction center. From the angle of semantic, the subjunctive conditional sentence is: the condition is unreal when it is in the supposing conditional sentence. So-called "unreal"means the contents which be illustrated is contrary to the objective fact in the conditional sentence. Sometimes there are one or more negative words in the condition clause of the subjunctive conditional sentence, and sometimes there are not. When there are negative words in the subjunctive conditional sentence, we call it the negative and subjunctive conditional sentence. In this article, we will investigate Chinese negative and subjunctive conditional sentence only. In Chinese the existence of subjunctive conditional sentence is a fact, but it is not researched specifically. We may say that the research of Chinese subjunctive conditional sentence is still a blank so far, even the research of Chinese negative and subjunctive conditional sentence. How many categories does Chinese negative and subjunctive conditional sentence have? What value does this kind of sentence have? What difference is this sort of syntax construction with other related constructions? These ill-defined problems up to now are the problems that this paper tries to answer. In the process of collecting information, we discover that "要不是"as a connection phrase is used more often than the other connection phrases of the negative and subjunctive conditional sentence. Moreover, other connection phrases can be substituted by it besides its multifarious usage. It is the most typical one. We regard it as Prototype. Chinese negative and subjunctive conditional sentence construction may contain two parts or even more, we regard the sentence that has two parts as the prototype to analyze. Moreover, the connection phrase can be put in the first part of the sentence, and also can be put in the second part. We often make the former the prototype, and make the latter the change type. The full thesis is divided into two parts totally: The first part: the category of Chinese negative and subjunctive conditional sentence and its tendentious speech-order. To begin with, Chinese negative and subjunctive conditionalsentence can be divided into two types: marked and unmarked. The connection phrases such as "要不是","若不是","若非","如果不是"are usually used in the negative and subjunctive conditional sentence. But, when the sentence that has no connection phrase can all be added the connection phrase. That is to say, with or without the connection phrase has not difference. The purpose of our classification is, firstly, to let people know which connection phrase is related to Chinese negative and subjunctive conditional sentence. Secondly, our following discussion involves the negative and subjunctive conditional sentence that has the connection phrase only, and our next discussion is based on the classification of the front. When we mention the connection phrase, we usually say that they can be put in the front of a subject as well as behind a subject in our grammar book. Does any complex sentence can be put like that? Can not the connection phrase cause certain difference in different positions? We will ask for the help of the language material as the database to verify us. The procedure that we will operate is: firstly, designing two keywords; secondly, inspecting the related material; thirdly, analyzing. After analyzing the fact that the related material has reflected, we generalize from the angle of syntax: When two parts of a negative and subjunctive conditional sentence describe the same subject, the connection phrase is always put behind the subject. When two parts of a negative and subjunctive conditional sentence describe the different subject, the connection phrase is always putin the front of the subject. This researching conclusion can be used directly in the field of teaching foreigners and processing Chinese information. The second part: analyzing semantic and pragmatic characteristic of Chinese negative and subjunctive conditional sentence. From the angle of prototype, Chinese negative and subjunctive conditional sentence includes two parts, so we will call them Part A and Part B. Under this circumstance, Part B is always put behind Part A. It often tells us a result of something, but this result is always caused by Part A. If A cause B, the relationship of A and B is the reason and the result. Then, how can we distinguish them------the negative and subjunctive conditional sentence and the complex sentence of"因为……,所以……"? Their difference is: the former can not be used as the answer of "why", but the latter can. Moreover, the former is more subjective, but the latter is more objective. If it is attributed to somebody by a good result, that sentence will express grateful feeling. If it is attributed to somebody oneself, that sentence will express egoism. If it is attributed to somebody by a bad result, that sentence will express a tone of blame and rebuke. If it is attributed to somebody or something indefinitely, or a bad result is caused by the factor of nature or somebody oneself, that sentence will express the feeling of the regret and helplessness. Investigating modern Chinese will verify our calculation. Firstly, we successively invite 50 teachers who are teaching...