| The "Kingdom's national defence policy" of Japan embody a concentrated reflection of Japan in whole modern attack type world strategy of foreign aggression and expansion, it was Japan that participated in, launched the basic guidance policy of the world war later. It was made in 1907 after Russia -Japanese war, went through the modification three times of 1918, 1923 and 1936. The change of Japan's "Kingdom's national defence policy " has reflected the development orbit of Japanese government's foreign dominant strategy. It investigates the background, course made, revised of the "kingdom's national defence policy"and influences through the system that this text strive to be, announce its world invades the essence of dominant strategy to the outside. The full text is divided into four parts altogether. The first part, Establishment of Japan's "offensive national defence" --Formulation of Japan's " kingdom's national defence policy ". In the early years of Meiji era, Japanese government has made the national developing policy that " the national strength and prestige of the cloth is all sides ". Because of such factors as the strength and international environment, etc. at that time, the Japanese government chose the strategy that " keeps the south to enter in the north " in prewar in Japan and Russia, have adopted " defensive " to such American-European big powers as Russia, etc. and attack to China and Korea. The Sino-Japanese War is after the war, Japan and Russia sharpened progressively in the Chinese Northeastern contradiction, caused the Japan-Russia war. Japan victory changes its traditional national defence situation, impels Japan to make " kingdom's national defence policy " to 1907, have established the enemy state of primary imagination of regarding Russia as, to "offensive national defence" that "the policy is slightly unified with strategy" which China expand "right that the country benefits the nation", have confirmed offensive world is strategic. The second part, It is clear "to the Chinese operation plan" --Initial modification of " kingdom's national defence policy ". Before the First World War, Japan has depended on quickening the steps of dominating China exclusively progressively with the alliance diplomacy of Great Britain, Russia. The outburst of a fight makes Japan see the opportunity that "it is helped", experience the unprecedented importance of "The question of China" too. For this reason, the policy that the ground force has proposed "solving China's problem at all", and in 1915, Japanese governments puts "21 Demands"forward to Yuan Shikai's regime, but been opposed by international community. Extremely discontented with this ground force, demand to revise "The policy", in order to confirm the basic policy to China. 1918, Mikado imperial decree allow land, navy modification case in "The policy", confirm Japan set up dominant basic policy of status in China. The third part, Japan's "Marine policy" is conspicuous --Modification again of "kingdom's national defence policy". While the First World War, Japan takes advantage of competition of Europe, captures Germany belong to Nan Yang archipelago, commits useful to strategy of U.S.A. situation, has establish it with the dense integral relation in China, has set up the safety area, strengthened the continent national defence situation in Su the Far East Area of Russia and north Manchu. However, after a fight, great changes have takenplace in the international relations in East Asia. American force heightens, want to contain the expansion momentum in the Asian-Pacific area of Japan, especially the system of Washington has stipulated again all big powers are in east Asia, status in the Pacific area, establishes new world colonize the order of east Asia, has caused the enormous pressure to Japan, two countries of Japan and U.S.A. rub and aggravate. Japan reached the set goal of expanding, carried on the second modification to "The policy" in order to get rid of the international pressure in 1923. It is while deterring to China, regard American as first main imagination enemy state of Japan to keep to propose clearly. It is by U.S.A., Russia and China order in using military forces by guiding principle, in order to make operation plan, have especially made the more exhaustive operation plan to China, and become the guiding principle that Japan launches a war to China later. The fourth part, Sureness of strategy that Japan "goes forward side by side in the north and south" --The third modification of "kingdom's national defence policy". 1929 to 1933 capitalist world economic crisis that take place, make foundation to be originally weak Japan economy of lacking of resource collapse after a single setback. In order to seek the opportunity, under the circumstances that the domestic fascist tide was promoted, Japan has mobilized "ä¹Â·ä¸€å…«" incident which invades China, captures the Northeast of China. Japan dominates wild ambition of China exclusively; with have numerous Great Britain and America of rights and interests to sharpen unavoidable contradiction of country in China. For this reason, Japanese army headquarters revised "kingdom's national defence policy" for the third time in 1936, made richer offensiveness, invading foreign policy. Then Japanese... |
