Translation In Ideological And Poetical Manipulation

Belgian scholar Andre Lefevere is the leading theoretician of his time in the field of literary translation and one of the most influential scholars in "Translation Studies".As a member of "Translation Studies", Lefevere develops his approach with the evolution of Translation Studies. Getting out of the limitation of traditional translation theory and turning to a broader field beyond "science" and "theory", with the concern of translation phenomena instead of merely viewing translation in terms of losses and gains, Lefevere transfers from a prescriptive theorist to a descriptive one. Influenced by Toury's target-oriented approach, he pays more attention to target texts or the description of target texts. His criticism and development of Even-Zohar's polysystem theory brings him to a new phase, in which the important role translation plays in literary system or even the whole culture, and the socio-cultural norms and constraints in the receiving culture becomes his focus.Approaching translation from a background in comparative literature, the frame of reference in Lefevere's work is primarily literary. He describes translation in an objective way: translation is manipulation; all translation implies a degree of manipulation of the source text for a certain purpose; in a manipulative culture, what presents in a translation is not intended equivalence but admitted manipulation. Translation is rewriting; translation is the most obviously recognizable type of rewriting and is potentially the most influential because it is able to project the image of a work in another culture, lifting that work beyond the boundaries of its culture of origin.Owing to the adoption of a cultural studies model, Lefevere's view of translation is realistic. Translation is not merely shifts on the language level, rather it is a socio-cultural product, which is always in various constraints especially the ideological and poetical constraints. Ideology...