Research On Social Relief In Modern Shandong

Modern Shandong was full of frequent calamity, soldiers and brigands .Turbulent political situation have caused a large number of the victim of the disaster,the refugee and the poor people , and therefore it seemed particularly essential thatcarried out social relieves. In the structure, the social relief of modern Shandong isdivided into government relief and nongovernmental relief. When composing thesis,the auther researched relief measures of different regimes from late Qing to theRepublic of China. meanwhile, have investigated horizontally all kinds of reliefobjects including the deformity ,the elder ,the orphan and the widow due tophysical and social factors , the vicims of natural calamities and refugees because ofnatural factor.This artical researches on the of late Qing Government at first, pointing out itstill succeeded China traditional policy of famine relief no matter from the raising ofrelief funds, relief measures. And thinks the policy of famine relief of the late QingGovernment had many flaws due to the official corruption in the course of implementdespite seemingly carefulness and strictness .The focal point of thesis is the governmental relief of the Republic of Chinawhich it is divided into two chapters in the structure. First, have carried oncomparative research. researchs the social disadvantaged groups during the period ofthe Republic of China according to three parts of victim of the disaster , refugee , poorpeople .The section related to the relief of victims of the disaster chooses two severenatural calamities which have grave influence over Shandong during the NorthernWarlords and Nanjing national government, namely the Big Dry of 1920 and theYellow River floods in 1933, The section of the refugee relieved touchs the case thatJi-Ao Commercial Port Office relieved the refugees to Guandong in the twenties . Thesection of poor people relieved divides relief institutions into traditional institutionsand new institutions in order to reflect the variety of relief during the period of theRepublic of China. Secondly, makes a study of the rehabilitation assistance toShandong which CNRRA and Lu-Qing Branch Administrative carried out .Meanwhilepoints out,the relief of the liberated areas at Shandong alleviated the agony that thewar bringed to people partly after all , though there were defect that relief materialswere unable to satisfy the refugee and the poor people's needs. In addition, the revolutionary base area of Shandong and liberated areasgovernment in wartime, according to the actual conditions, adopted the policy to thedomestic victim of the disaster and refugee,namely" relies mainly on the fact that themasses succour oneself and the society help each other, adding to the government'shelp ". They carried out relief measures actively , developed economy of the disasterarea, prevented and cured the calamity and relieved the refugees etc. so the relief ofthis period had unique characteristic under the war environment. The ones that need point out are, while the government relieved,nongovernmental relief played an important role in ordinary times relief as a kind ofmore frequent relief form .In late Qing, the traditional philanthropic institution wasstill principal part of nongovernmental relie. But with the development of the society ,the new-typly relief mode was a dark horse, becoming an important strength of themodern social relief. Taking a broad view of the social relief of modern Shandong, we can find out thefollowing characteristics : First , presents the transmutable trend from tradition tomodern . Following the modern process that " the west theory gradually spread to theeast ", the western social relief thought and system began to introduce to China, andcaused t the transform of traditional relief though in the. the society of China. Thegovernmental relief turned to pay attention to "cultivation, teaching, work"fromtraditionally laying stress on " raising " instead of making light of " teaching ".Itexceeded traditional one, representing the developing direction in that era. TheRepublic of China government's policy and measure took a great step to modern timesin many aspects, though had some characteristics of traditional policy of famine relief.Secondly, the function of nongovernmental relief outstanded day by day. Since theRepublic of China ,the calamity of Shandong took place frequently and the chaoscaused by war was year after year, so that the people's life destroyed, the people had...