Modern Customs Of Kiujiang And Its Circulation Of Commodities (1861-1911)

By the research approach of region socio-economy history, the thesis explain from such respects as the establishment, expansion of the right and circulation and structure of the imported and exported goods of modem customs of Kiujiang, stress the individual character of the modern customs of Kiujiang, find out its generality from the other domestic customs at the same time..From Kiujiang-Chaoguan of Ming Dynasty to Kiujiang-Queguan of the Previous Qing Dynasty, its status was in the ascendant trend all the time, and to the First Opium War (1840-1842), it had already become the first of all the Que-guan in the national inland, the position was very important. The modern customs of Kiujiang set up in 1861, it implemented foreign commissioner's management system on the administration and tax revenue of customs, from then to 1938, customs of Kiujiang was controlled by foreigner totally, and became a organ that the foreign invaders carried their invasion out in economy to Kiujiang city and even Jiangxi province, it belonged to the customs of semi-feudal & semi-colonial in nature.The foreign invaders were still trying to seek more rights and interests constantly in Kiujiang through controlling the customs of Kiujiang, by 1911, they got a lot of rights in succession that should be exercised independently by the Qing Government, such as the rights of anti-smuggling, administering port affairs, custody of tax revenue, sponsoring postal service, administering Native Customs within 25 kilometer and so on, the customs of Kiujiang and Kiujiang city sinked in the semi-colonial abyss deeper and deeper.The modern customs of Kiujiang's status droped obviously in all the customs of China, in fact, the role of its position had already re-orientated as the domestic-trade port of provincialism, it was only a distributing centre of the cargoes imported and exported of Jiangxi province and a few areas of its side, its nature of direct foreign trade was not strong, goods imported and exported chiefly through transiting from the riverine or coastal traded port (especially Shanghai and Hankou).The structure of imported and exported goods of the customs of Kiujiang also took on semi-colonial economic nature. Of the imported foreign goods, opium and cotton goods had occupied more than 2/3 of the proportions altogether, and the other foreign goods were mostly industrial products too; It was mostly agricultural product or handicraft articles to export the local products, and it was primary products basically, the added value of products was lower, Kiujiang served as a region which dumped by foreign goods and supplying raw materials in the international market.