Research On The "Tu-gong" During Song Dynasty

"Tu-gong"was a system through which local government sent local products to theemperor. The "Tu-gong" system didn't come into being before the early Han Dynasty when"Gong" separated from "Fu" although the "Tu-gong" system stemmed very early. From thenon, "Tu-gong" became emperors' family's income separated from state's income. "Tu-gong" system grew up from that of former dynasty especially similar to TangDynasty in that of management, collection, transportation and storage. These were about twokinds of Song Dynasty's "Tu-gong": "Chang-gong" and "Za-gong". The former hadregulations of number, kinds and time, while the latter is the extra of the former, like the"Liushangju-gong" in Huizong's period. "Hu Bu" was responsible for collection of"Tu-gong" in the item of "Zhou", according to the fixed "Ge". "Tu-gong" came from thefollowing ways: local government's purchase, state-owned enterprises' manufacture, majorpersons' creation and the mass people's labor under force. The transportation of "Tu-gong"was mainly charged by "FaYunShi" and "ZhuanYunShi" of every "Lu", while thetime-required ones like "Kouwei-gong" charged by the "Zhou" and "Jun" directly. Thestorage of "Tu-gong" was charged by "TaiFuSi", when the imperial family consumed"Tu-gong". Also, "Tu-gong" was used for sacrifice of "TianDi", "ZongMiao" and "LingQin". "Tu-gong" of Song Dysnaty constituted many kinds, of which textile goods and medicinetook majority. Most of "Tu-gong" was the local agricultural and handmade goods. The kindsof the "Tu-gong" was fixed, except when there appeared geographical or economic change.In Southern Song, some kinds as medicine and everyday goods were reduced and stopped,and many kinds was taken instead by silver. The "Tu-gong" of Song Dynasty was a reflectionof the flourished commodity economy in that period. Song Dynasty's "Tu-gong" accounted for small percentage in Song's economy, thus itwas not so significant for financial income of the state, but it brought devastated influence onsocial economy and people's life.