The Second Opium War To Study Again

The so-called revising treaty was diplomatic negotiations that it wasfrom the beginning of 1854, the British and the France and the UnitedStates and other Western States want to amend the "Nanjing Treaty"forthe Qing Dynasty .The so-called exchangeing treaty was that the Britishand the France missions law required to swap "Tianjin Treaty"with theQing Dynasty in Beijing in 1859 ,in order to realize the treaty legaleffect. Revising treaty and exchanging treaty constituted main contentbetween the Qing government and the western nation's negotiationthrought the second Opium War entire process.After the Opium War (1840-1842), the British achieved initialexpansion to the East.In order to obtain a favourable trade developmentin peaceful and stable environment,the British government had taken a morecautious attitude in its policy toward China and hoped to achieve mutuallybeneficial expansion of the peaceful nature of China.There was aconcentrated expression in the Dayton case.Beause the real reason for thewar lauched by British and the world situation were not understood clearly,the ignorant and stubborn arrogant Qing government refused to give up"onthe Chinese court the country"status, and it had not held this peacefulopportunity to come on own initiative to the western study, developedoneself vigorously,instead throughout by might and main limits and thewestern nation relation and the contact, continued to adopt closes up theprocedure which but governs, not only is restricted in the China and theWest trade strict bureau five trading ports which the treaty stipulated,emerged under the official host guidance take Guangzhou asrepresentative's postwar each place had opposed the foreigner entered thecity struggle. In addition, a five-institutional trade minister wasestablished, and Western countries were refused to recognize the equalstatus .The Western countries wanted to expand political parties to takeresponsibility for the foreign exchange law, but it was refused by theQing Dynasty ,leading to increasingly tense relations between the twosides.Under the capitalism expansion rule control, drops year by year alongwith the English business in the Chinese benefit, the English governmentand the industry and commerce bourgeoisie date lives the disaffection.Inorder to develop the more widespread Eastern market, as the head westernbig powers launches in abundance take England to Hua Xiuyue, hoped torevise the "Nanjing Treaty" through the peace negotiations and so onto expand to China trades together, earned the more commercial profit,thus realized to China's peaceful expansion. Under but pulls strings inthe Xian feng emperor, through opening of five ports minister the systemand the Guangdong and Guangxi Governor Ye Mingchen's block, the westernnation repeatedly the peace negotiations diligently all changes into thefutile effort. England finally adopted the violence capital expansion way–the Second Opium War further to open the Chinese market the front door.The Qing government disregarded the world development situation allsorts of procedures finally to cause the war which originally might avoid.But after the war broke out, as a result of to modern country economicrights and interests concept slurred and modern international contactconvention ignorance, the Qing government did not know recalling in themodern significance the national rights and interests, instead resistedto Anglo-French Envoy in Beijing firmly, had initiated the bilateralfierce conflict. After compelled to sign the "Tianjin Treaty" , theQing government still to want to abolish this provision at times, evendid not hesitate by all to exempt the customs duty to receive in exchangefor England and France to give up this request, which nearly caused a hugewreck in modern Chinese history.Unable to get rid of the point of view throughout which the countryposes as by the Chinese court on, the Qing Government had adopted thebehavior of violating the treaty finally, blocking England and Francediplomatic group's exchanging treaty in Beijing in 1859 in everypossible way and initiated a nonessential fight.The Qing Dynasty declaredto abandone the"Tianjin Treaty".They made unwise acts by the weak countrythrough abandoning the legal China-West treaty. Eventually, this kind ofbehavior led to the Anglo-French forces large-scale military reprisals,and the Qing Dynasty defeated each time. After a significant casualties,they had to recognize the "Tianjin Treaty" remaining in force and hadsigned the treaty on creating the "Beijing Treaty", and lost more thanthe original "Tianjin Treaty" more devastating various right.Because is unable to get rid of the point of view throughout whichthe country poses as by the Chinese court on, the Qing government finallyadopted has broken a promise the behavior, to came the England and Francediplomatic group in 1859 which Beijing exchanged notes or documents tocarry on stops, and the announcement abandoned "the Tianjin Treaty", madehas abandoned the China and the West legitimate treaty by the weak countrystatus not the wisdom behavior. Finally has brought in the England andFrance army large-scale military retaliation behavior, the Qinggovernment army loses steadily, after has paid the heavy casualty, cannot but reacknowledge "the Tianjin Treaty" continues in force, and signedcontinued increases the treaty namely "the Beijing Treaty", lostoriginally a has been more serious than "the Tianjin Treaty" each kindof economic rights and interests.After the painful experience of the Second Opium War, the Qing Dynastylearned lessons and set up a modern sense of diplomacy --Premierbureaucratic institutions ,launched to study the West Westernizationmovement. China'early modernization movement had finally begun the slowand difficult start.