Vgos Chos Grub's Esoteric Buddhism Sutra Translation In Dunhuang And It's Influence During The Ancient Tibet Time

The period of Dunhuang under the reign of The ancient tibet is the the important historical stage in Chinese and The ancient tibet esoteric buddhism exchange. Whether inspect the Chinese esoteric buddhism or the The ancient tibet esoteric buddhism, Dunhuang esoteric buddhism become the point of intersection of these two Buddhism system naturally. In the middle period of Tang Dynasty and the The ancient tibet esoteric buddhism had started collision and exchange massively at the Dunhuang area. The translators who Translates the Chinese esoteric buddhism sutra into The ancient tibet have the essential function in communication between them. Vgos chos grub is one of the most famous ancient tibetan Buddhist priests in Dunhuang buddhism domain during this time Mr. Chen Yinque compared Vgos chos grub's outstanding accomplishment in buddhism sutra translation with Xuan Zang. The academic circles just affirms and think high of the accomplishment on buddhism field, but has neglected his contribution on esoteric buddhism.Therefore, this article is mainly about the Esoteric buddhism sutra translation by Vgos chos grub in Dunhuang. And especially, analyze the The ancient tibet and Chinese esoteric buddhism sutra which he translated.The writer has thoroughly excavated the connotation of dharanl in the esoteric buddhism books by using Sanskrit, ancient tibet and Chinese , comparing research, and discuss the influence on Vgos chos grub's translate into the Esoteric buddhism sutra.While a comprehensive judgement to chos grub and a discussion on the influence of esoteric buddhism. The article mainly elaborate by him is made from four parts in below:(1)The Dunhuang Buddhism under the reign of The ancient tibet .The Dunhuang Buddhism under the reign of The ancient tibet has been launched between the ancient tibet native Buddhism and the Dunhuang Buddhism. The Buddhism of Dunhuang area had form an unique Dunhuang Buddhism by absorbing both Chinese and ancient tibet cultures. The Chinese and ancient tibet esoteric buddhism began to communicate in large-scale in the later period of ancient tibet time. the esoteric buddhism in Dunhuang area and ancient tibet had the same development, their content included the dharanlesoteric buddhism, kriya esoteric buddhism, carya esoteric Buddhism, yoga esoteric buddhism as well as the few anuttarayoga esoteric buddhism.(2)The biography of Vgos chos grub and his translation on buddhism sutra. As the most influential ancient tibet translator and Buddhism scholar in Dunhuang during eight to nine century,Vgos chos grub arrived in Shazhou (Dunhuang in present) Yongkang temple and started the buddhism sutra translation in 833. Latter he've been to many places ,such as Xiuduo temple in GanZhou, Kaiyuan Temple in Shazhou. During Translating in Dunhuang, he had many title,such as " big reviewal noble man abbot to translate the senior ", "the The ancient tibet country dignitary tripitaka master " , "the country noble man tripitaka master" and so on,which was the formal ancient tibet translating official organization and have a high social position.He was one of the toppest Tibet translators and leave us 39masterpieces which include translation, explaination of the buddhism sutra, and the notes made by his discipleS.(3) The Chinese and the ancient tibet Esoteric buddhism sutra translation by Vgos chos grub. Among the 17 buddhism sutra which translated by Vgos chos grub ,the esoteric buddhism book are 6, approximately composes 1/3 the total translation, they are "vphags-pa gser vod dam pa mchogtu mam par rgyal vavi mdo sdevi rgyal po thegpa chen povi mdo", "vphags-pa byang-chub-sems-dpav spyan-ras-gzigs dbang-phyug phyag stong spyanstong dang-ldan-pa thogs-pa mi mnav-bavithugs-rje chen-povi sems rgya-cher yongs-su rdsogs-pa zhes-bya-bavi gzungs", "vphags-pa zhal bcu-gcig-pavi rig-sngags-kyi snying-po zhes-bya-bavi gzungs", " vphags-pa spyan-ras-gzigs dbang-phyug-gi gsang-bavi mdsod thogs-pa med-pavi-yid-bzhin-gyi-vkhor-lovi snying-po zhes-bya-bavi gzungs ";Translate The Chinese esoteric buddhism book which was translated from ancient tibet can be only founds is " gzav rnams-kyi yum zhes- bya-bavi gzung " to. Obviously, the quantity of the Chinese translation works are tibet'S. the esoteric buddhism books Vgos chos grub have chosen more than mostly were about the esoteric buddhism Guanyin department sutra, from the quantity and the content aspects can see that Guanyin department esoteric buddhism sutra was prevailng in Dunhuang area in middle period of Tang Dynasty.(4)The influence and the position of Vgos chos grub in Chinese and The ancient tibet esoteric buddhism. The translation of'gzav rnams-kyi yum zhes- bya- bavi gzung " spreaded the conception of "nine constellation", "the ecliptic 12 constellation " further to Chinese inland,which came along with the spreading of the ancient esoteric buddhism.It's translation and introduction also can harmoniously coeristed with the Chinese Constellation esoteric buddhism/which was consistent in both Chinese and The ancient tibet native places. The both Tang and The ancient tibet native Constellation esoteric buddhism sutra were in the transition time from dharanT esoteric buddhism to kriya esoteric Buddhism and carya esoteric buddhism, the character of several Guanyin department esoteric buddhisms sutra belongs to the intermediate stage of esoteric buddhism development —kriya esoteric buddhism. The spreading of these sutra in The ancient tibet native place impelled the ancient tibet esoteric buddhism development greatly strengthened Guanyin belief in ancient tibet thus further impelled the prevalence of The ancient tibet Guanyin "six true words"which has established the belief foundation of'six characters true words" in Tibet for more than 1,000 years.