Han Feizi's Theory Of SHU And The Discrimination To Its Origins

The usage of word of SHU in the text of Hanfeizi may be divided into two kinds.One had nothing to do with emperor, the other did. The SHU that the successful emperor depicted by Han Fei must possess was called JUNSHU. This article discussed mainly two issues: Han Fei's theory of JUNSHU, and the origins of this theory . These two questions constitutes the main contents of this article.In former studies, Han Fei's SHU is looked as plot and trickery, methods Which an ermperor choses officials, and "the personnel management system" and so on. These achievements have certainly positive sense to understand thoroughly Han Fei'JUNSHU. But they did not ravelled fundamentally the original appearance of Han Fei'JUNSHU. This article thinks that JUNSHU is JUNDAO which emphasizes that JUNSHU is the intrinsic quality of emperors. Only emperors who possesses specific quality can be called intelligent emperor. The first part of this article systematically analyzes and dredges Han Fei'JUNSHU. The paper believes that emptiness-and-quiet is the most basic quality of an emperor. The emptiness-and-quiet of emperor's heart means openness, tolerance, plot and discernment. Moreover, provided that emperors possess the quality of emptiness-and-quiet, they are likely to follow self-consciously and then contrast the name and the object accurately. The key that the emperor contrast the name and the object accurately is that he should ha(?) the self-consciousness of contrasting them. On this condition, emperor can defeat himself, choose officials properly , execute laws justly and safeguard the position and authority firmly. Therefore, we think that Emptiness -and-quiet—Following—Contrasting the name and the object constitutes the whole body of JUNSHU, and these three essential factors are the unseparable.These are specific qualities which an emperor must possess. So long as an emperor shares this kind of quality, they may be looked as an emperor with SHU.In the past, scholars who studied Han Fei's theory of SHU made out the relation between Hanfei and Shenzi, but had not ravelled the substance at which Han Fei's theory of SHU aimed. They certainly were not possible to grasp systemically the origin of Han Fei's theory of SHU. This article believes that JUNSHU discussed by Han Fei is actually a question about JUNDAO which had been jointly noticed by statesmen and...