On "Ciphers" Created By LuXun And Kafka

Living in an age when beliefs were lost, Lu Xun and Kafka both used literature as weapons to reveal the survival state of human beings in a dissimilation environment and created many typical characters of Ciphers that were under great pressure by going through such living difficulties as selves, miseries and death. Lu Xun and Kafka have no links but their inner spirits coincide and resonate due to similar living age, similar family background, and similar physical and spiritual diseases. Their works reveal the tensions between mankind and his living environment, human's great pain and his feeling of terror and strangeness. They ponder and explore a series of final problems such as society and individual, existing state and existing meaning, and efforts to look for way-out.Lu Xun and Kafka's feelings of deep anxiety and desperation on mankind make them choose human as their object and target of exploring society. They show their deep concern for the society and sincere consideration for human's fate. They used their pen either to reveal mankind's dissimilation, or to reveal those lonely and small characters' painful, disorderly and miserable living conditions in the context of dissimilation, and their efforts and defeat in an irrigational world. These small characters under great pressure reflect men's universal living conditions at that time.Based on the comparison of Lu Xun and Kafka's literature works and their psychology of creation, this thesis explores how these two philosophers are similar and different in the ways they think and the conclusions they have drawn since one lived in the context of the west while the other in the east. They have different living values but they have similar souls and they face similar social and living problems.This thesis attempts to compare the two authors' creation topics and aesthetic features which have much in common in their writing praise after detailed analysis of their works and related reviews. This thesis compares their differences in writing purposes and their respective loss and gain in value.The dissertation covers three chapters. The first and two chapters display in details the similarities and differences of the Ciphers, it horizontally compares the Ciphers they created in their respective works — their submission and struggle, their hope and desperation. The third chapter studies two masters' psychology and purposes of creation — their similarities and differences in their personal characters, and in their social and cultural psychology. Lu Xun wrote with the aim of fighting for "life"; Kafka wrote from the perspective of "self, illustrating his thoughts about the potential contradictions of life.