A Study On The Police System Of Henan Province During 1927-1937

The police, acting according to the national will and enforcing social control, is the important implement for modern countries to actualize public administration. In modern China, policemen shoulder the responsibilities of keeping public order and performing some tasks of municipal administration. The emergence of police indicates the disintegration of traditional system of public order and the birth of modern system, which reflects the changes of social environment and governing beliefs. Form the year of 1927 to the year of 1937, Nanjing National Government reformed the police system and instructed the local forces, hence policemen became its competent means to keep its reign and maintain social orders. Because the local government in Henan province was directly under the reign of central government, the changes and construction of police system happened here could typically reflect the efforts and achievements of the Nanjing National Government. There the writer probes into the construction of the local police system in Henan province during the period between 1927 to 1937 from the following seven aspects.I. The background. Henan province was in chaos during the early period of the 20th century. Because there were lots of bandits and the society was in turbulence, the police force emerged as the times required and immediately extended to the whole province. The police system in Henan province took into shape initially.II. The police system and organization. At the end of 1927, the old official regulation was abolished and all police institutions in Henan reorganized to be public security bureaus. These bureaus were dissolved at the end of 1932 and revised to be police stations. In 1935, every police station, public security subbureau and police substation were cut off. All the policemen, were dispatched to every district office. During ten years, the police system has been changed several times. Inherited and based on the old police syetem, the police institutions of the city, the countryside and the special ones were strived to improve to some extent.III. The police funds and equipments. The collection of police funds was mainly imposed surtax to the poll tax and added to miscellaneous levies. Though the funds could nearly cover the expenditure of the police salaries, there is little surplus amount.