Research On The Theoretical System Of Public Finance During The Period Of The Republic Of China

In some particular historical period,the theoretical system of public finance in the dominant position of a country,is not simply the question in the theoretical category,but would impact the government behavior,which is related to the allocation of resources,income distribution,the virtuous cycle of the national economy and other aspects.Due to the different backgrounds of politics,economy,culture and so on,it is impossible for the different countries in different periods to share the same financial theory.During the period of Republic of China,the theory of public finance has gone through a process from scratch,and during this period the research on the theory of public finance was extremely active,the scope of the study of public finance was expanding,the content of public finance was becoming more and more abundant,and the practice of financial reform emerged without end,gradually forming the theoretical system of public finance in this period.Although the theory of public finance at that time is extremely different from the theory at present,it is undoubtedly a valuable crystallization under the specific historical conditions.At present,China has clearly put forward the goal of establishing a modern financial system by 2020,and the theoretical system of public finance is being reformed and developed accordingly.On the modernization of public finance,the theory of public finance in the period of the Republic of China should not be neglected,which has a great connection with the current public finance theory.In the construction of modern financial theory system,only through tracing back the origin of the theory of public finance in the modern times of China,combined with the present situation of our country,inheriting and carrying forward the achievements of public finance in the Republic of China,abandoning and avoiding the dross in the public finance in the Republic of China,and establishing the theoretical system of finance to meet the needs of the times with the concept of modernization,the financial functions can be given full play.Based on this,this paper makes a systematic analysis on the theoretical system of public finance in the Republic of China.With the modernization trend of the evolution of the theory of public finance throughout the period of the Republic of China as the vein,the close internal logical relationship between each chapter is extracted.The first chapter is the introduction,in which it makes a summary of the research on the theory of public finance in the period of the Republic of China.In the second chapter,based on the internal and external environment of the financial theory system in the Republic of China,the author reviews the history of the development of the financial thought before the establishment of the Republic of China and the theoretical basis of the western public finance started from the Late Qing Dynasty,and summarizes the duality in the modern Chinese financial thought.During the process from the formation to the end,the system of modern financial thought spread from the west to the east,collided with the traditional financial thought,and finally ended in the abdication of the traditional financial thought.The theoretical system of public finance in the Republic of China began to be constructed in such a complex internal and external environment.On the basis of related background research in Chapter Two,combined with the theoretical system of public finance as the research core of this paper,the author discusses the communication platform and knowledge base of the financial theory system in the Republic of China.Considering the necessity and sufficiency,in Chapter Three,the author conducts a statistical analysis on the financial work and periodical publications in the Republic of China.On the one hand,from the perspective of necessity,through the statistical analysis of these two aspects,it gives a clear understanding of the development and trajectory of the financial system in the Republic of China.On the other hand,from the perspective of sufficiency,during this period,the works of public finance and periodical publications have great promotion on the development and evolution of the theory of public finance in the Republic of China,and the development of higher education of public finance has also established the knowledge base of the theory of finance at that time and the development in the future.The statistical research in this area has provided sufficient arguments for this study.Based on the macroscopicstatistical study in the third chapter,in Chapter Four,the author specifically reviews the construction of the subject of public finance in the Republic of China,and abstracted the characteristics of publicity in the modernization of Finance.Public finance is a subject which was established in the Republic of China.The construction process of the discipline is related to the development of the whole theoretical system.Public finance is a subject established in the Republic of China.The construction process of the discipline is related to the development of the whole theoretical system,therefore the basic understanding of it is particularly important.While the essence of the modern public finance — — the characteristics of publicity,has laid the theoretical foundation of modernization for other parts of the research.Relying on the construction of the framework of public finance in the fourth chapter,in Chapter Five,it firstly studies the most important theory in the theoretical system of public finance in the Republic of China——fiscal revenue and expenditure theory.In this theoretical part,the trend of thought,theory and even debate of the scholars in the Republic of China embodied the theoretical level of the academic circles at that time and made a great contribution to the deepening of the theory.According to the research on multiple dimensions,it can be seen that theory of taxation highlighted a strong color of modernization,while compared with that,the theory of fiscal expenditure was kept relatively quiet,thus revealing the research condition on theory of public finance in the Republic of China that “values income and neglects expenditure”.According to the research characteristics of the theory of public finance in the Republic of China that “values income and neglects expenditure”,in Chapter Six,the author switches the perspective to the study of the theories of the final accounts and the public debt.Public debt is a special supplement of financial revenue,and the system of budget and final accounts affects the allocation of financial revenue and expenditure.The two have profound impacts on the financial revenue and expenditure in the content and management level.According to the research of this paper,the theory of public debt in the Republic of China focused on the research on the issuance,management,use and repayment,while the related theory of budget and final accounts was continuously improving in the research on the whole link of preparation,approval,implementation,final accounts and evaluation,and it always adhered to the value orientation of democracy and legal system.Following the theory of final accounts,the theory of financial system and financial supervision in the Republic of China emerged one after the other.Since the theories of these two aspects in the Republic of China and the financial theory in the wartime have great particularity compared with the corresponding theories at present,in Chapter Seven,the author classifies the local autonomy finance theory,detached Zhuji theory,combined branches of clan theory and financial theory in the wartime into the special field to conduct analysis.On the basis of the research above,Chapter Eight makes conclusion,and puts forward corresponding reflection,reference and enlightenment.After the analysis above,this paper reaches the following conclusions:Firstly,during the period of the Republic of China,the theory of public finance and the reform of Finance had always been directed towards modernization,but they eventually evolved into two different results.During this period,the theory of public finance and financial reform interwove with each other in the trend of modernization.In the wave of modernization,The government of the Republic of China carried out a series of reform measures in the field of finance consciously or unconsciously,thus providing realistic foundation for the theory of public finance;while borrowing western public finance and theoretically evolving,the theory of public finance in the Republic of China has enriched its content and absorbed the modern connotation of Western finance such as democracy and legal system.In turn,it had affected the government's financial reform more or less.However,in the specific practice,the system and mechanism of modernization designed for financial reform in the Republic of China have undergone serious variations,and the financial reform was only a form,resulting that the financial situation of the Republic of China was in a dilemma,and the relationship between the government and the financial theory in the Republic of China changed from weaving to diversion.Secondly,during the period of the Republic of China,the theory of public finance set up a basic theory system of public finance.After the research,the author proposes that,the theory of public finance in the Republic of China began to develop under the collision of the new and old financial thoughts.In view of the content and the structure,its researches on the general theory of finance,income,expenditure,budget and final accounts,and the system have been basically completed,and a lot of theories with innovation emerged compared with today;in view of the concept and connotation,each part of the public finance theory in the Republic of China had a strong connotation of modernization,in which the connotations of modernization such as fairness and democracy advocated at that time have been still the value orientation of the theory of public finance until now.