The Evolution Of Xinjiang National Policies In The Early Qing Dynasty

The constituting of Xinjiang national policies went through a long historical process. The revision and constituting of the policies in the early Qing Dynasty was decisive and created a great influence during this process. The policies reached the climax of feudal society, though they had their own limitations unavoidably. This thesis analyses the Xinjiang national policies comprehensively and takes good use of the achievements have been yielded, pays more emphasize on the historical processes of policies' constituting, revision, establishment and implement and its evolution regulations, analyses the courses and tries to evaluate the historical position of the policies.The thesis can divided into three parts namely the preface;the text and the conclusion.The preface mainly defines the time and space of the study objects. The thesis introduces the researching achievements of Xinjiang national policies from both micro and macro aspects. The author expounds the reasons of choosing this topic as well as the historical materials that used in this thesis.The text discusses the three periods: first, before Xinjiang was unified by the Qing Dynasty. Second, Xinjiang was conquered by the Qing Dynasty. Third, Xinjiang was conquered by the Qing Dynasty second time.The first part mainly depictis situations in Xinjiang before unification and its relationship with the Qing Dynasty. The text firstly describes nationality distribution especially the situation that Uygur dwelling in the south while Olut Mongolia dwelling the north before Xinjiang was conquered by the Qing Dynasty. The text then analyses the relationships between the Qing Dynasty and the northern Xinjiang as well as the southern part before the unification of the Qing Dynasty. In this moment, the Qing Dynasty took Olut Mongolia agglomeration in the northern mountain foot of Tian Shan as its important reign object through placatory policies.The second part describes Xinjiang being unified by the Qing Dynasty and itsnational policies in the initial stages of the unification. Basing on the process and fundamental strategies during the stage of unification, the author focuses on the fundamental conceptions of the Qing Dynasty's national policies according to the change of nationality distributions in the early days of unification and points out that governing Olut Mongolia should weaken its power, at the same time, the placatory policies to Uygur still was its basic guideline and important content.The third part firstly describes the rebellion process of A'mu'er'sana and khwajams, analyses the reason that the Qing Dynasty's national policies failed. Second, expounds process of putting down the rebellion and analyses the contents of revised policies on the northern and southern mountain foot of Tian Shan after putting down khwajams' rebellion. In the author's opinion, the ruler constituted a series of national suitable policies to Xinjiang's social development under governing according to its customs. In its political system, the Qing Dynasty implied the "Zha-sa-ke system" in Oult Mongolia minority agglomeration in the north Xinjiang, carried out the improved "Bo-ke system" to Uygur minority agglomeration on the southern mountain foot of Tian Shan, and practiced "Fu-xian system" to the Han and Hui minority agglomeration on eastern mountain foot of Tian Shan. On the aspect of economy, central government implied a series of policies advantages to regional economy in both southern and northern mountain foot of Tian Shan. However, trade between each mountain foot of Tian shan was restricted. On the aspect of religion, the Qing Dynasty inherited religious policies of former dynasties that took religion as a ruling tool in maintaining its governing. The Qing Dynasty adopted some measures of utilization as well as limitation to both Tibetnen Buddhism and Islamism. On the aspect of law, the government took the constitution of the Qing Dynasty as its basic law, and constituted a series laws and systems suitable to different minorities. These laws and systems referred to several aspects, such as politics, economy, religion, and culture. Therefore, the constituting of these laws and systems guaranteed policies' being implied successfully, so that, there are laws to go by during every policy implying process. The establishment of these nationality policies indicated that the Qing Dynasty had put Xinjiang under its rein formally.