The Structure And Tendency Of The Traditional Water Conservancy Under Environmental Impact

In the Republic of China, the water conservancy was on the way of transition from tradition to modern. The driving force was from many aspects, and the transition process was also extremely complex. This article is a study on the irrigation and water conservancy in Guanzhong Region in the Early Period of Republic of China. The research data consists of detailed statistics, official files, notes and other first-hand data. On the data base, we restore the structure and tendency of the traditional water conservancy. Then, we analyze the man-land relationship and the interaction among state, region and masses. Furthermore, we discuss the various status and roles of different stratum in the regional social change. Attempt to make more comprehensive and profound understanding and grasp to the water issues and the social problems in it. This article mainly launches the elaboration from following five parts: In the first part, we introduce the academic background, concepts, research methods and the questions which will answer. After reviewing the former achievements and thinking, the author finds deficiency, takes full and accurate materials, uses scientific analysis method, and has a comprehensive discussion to the traditional water conservancy. In my view, fully excavating historical materials and using the modern science and technology methods is as important as the theory innovation.The second part is about the historical and geographic background of the irrigation and water conservancy development. In geography aspect, the author generalizes the terrain and climate characteristics;In addition, pays attention to the water resource characteristic specially. The geographic background on the one hand has set the request for water conservancy development, on the other hand also has provided the guarantees. In history aspect, inspected the macro history of Shaanxi province in the early period of the Republic of China. Generally speaking, the political situation was queasy.The third part is about the water conservancy development and the structure characteristics of it in Guanzhong region. In this part, we review the history of waterconservancy development before the Republic of China at first. Then, discuss the development history and features with the water conservancy management and construction in the early period of Republic of China. Secondly, make a section analysis on the basis of data in 1931. The content consists of a detailed study of its spatial distribution, the age structure, and the farmland irrigation landscape architecture. Finally, appraise the water conservancy development of this period.In the fourth part, we discuss the pressure which the traditional water conservancy faced, and its development tendency under the pressure. Firstly, we inspect the natural and the social pressure. Then analyze the influences to the water conservancy facilities, the water conservancy management, and the water conservancy society. Finally, discuss the tradition irrigation and water conservancy trend under the environment pressure, as well as the different response of each social stratum and the interaction relationship between the nation and the society in this process.The last part carries on the summary to the full text. The author believes, facing the various pressures, the people in order to maintain survival and development, have token limited actions of water conservancy development. But the declined tendency of traditional water conservancy could not be reversed;an innovation movement has been fermenting. In this movement, the country is the leading strength, but the benign interaction among various social stratums is the essential condition. Finally, the article points out that the historians should have the "whole judgment", breaking the demarcation line among disciplines, absorbing related theories and methods from other disciplines will be the new research direction.Although his article is a preliminary historical geography study of the traditional irrigation and water conservancy in its reforming eve, blaze some new trails.Firstly, this article restores to the original state of the history of the traditional water ? conservancy in Guanzhong region in the early period of the Public of China, and summarizes the structure and types of its characteristics.Secondly, comprehensively inspects the nature and the humanities environment which influences water conservancy development, and the various factors induced by the environment in modern tendency of the traditional water conservancy.Thirdly, this essay regards the man-land relationship and the interaction among people as a system, and also promulgates the complex dynamic relations in the traditional water conservancy.Fourthly, it attempts the methods and theories such as GIS, landscape ecology, science and technology history and society history and so on.