Study On The Manchu Garrison Of Xinjiang In The Qing Dynasty

Xinjiang is situated at the motherland northwest border region, has the important strategic status. The Qing Dynasty unified Xinjiang in the mid—1800s'.For the sake of consolidating Xinjiang'unification and strengthening the defensive force of northwest border and safeguarding the social stability. The Qing government deployed the Manchu eight banners, the Mongolian eight banners, Erut, Chahar, Solon,Siberia and the green camp officers and soldiers from Heilongjiang, liaoning, Rehe, Shanxi places such as Gansu province to be on garrison in Xinjiang.The Manchu eight banners have played the important military role in particular, which is the Xinjiang Manchu Garrison origin.This article just targets an object of study on the Xinjiang Manchu eight banners officers and soldiers .Through analysis of process of the Manchu eight banners in Xinjiang, internal structure and the end of the Manchu Garrison and so on, it makes an exhaustive study of garrision system of the Qing Dynasty Manchu eight banners in Xinjiang.The full text altogether divides four parts. The first part, mainly introduces the historical background of the Xinjiang Manchu Garrison and the pattern the formation of garrison. The second part, for this article core,which studies internal structure of the Manchu Garrison ,including establishment of the Manchu city, organizational system of the Manchu Garrison military, the management system, the function ,the selection and replenishment, the equipment, the salary pay for officers and soldiers of the Manchu Garrison. It mainly points up the military function of Manchu Garrison. The third part,"The end of Manchu Garrison",which chiefly goes further into the transformation of Manchu Garrsion after the establishment of Xinjiang provice and gradually disintegration after the 1911 Revolution. The fourth part,it discusses the cause of decline and its position and function of the Manchu Garrison to seek its achievement and failure of administrative policy of the Qing government in border area .The establishment of Xinjiang Manchu Garrison plays a significant role in consolidating Xinjiang's unified aspect, strengthensing the Qing central political power to Xinjiang's rule, maintain the stability of Xinjiang society, strengthening the defensive force of northwest border area. Objectively,it plays a positive role in holding a nation together and safeguarding the territorial integrity. At this point, Xinjiang's strategic status is more prominent, therefore, how the reasonable deployment military force is still a topic which we study.