The Devil In European And American Literature Of The 19～(th) Century And It's Psychoanalysis Interpretation

The devil is an important figure in the western culture. Though it does not exist, as a symbol of culture , it permeates a lot of aspect of the western society. It exists all along in the western traditional culture. However , the people who live in different times have different ideas to the devil. This article intends to inquire into the devil in the Europe and American literature of the 19th century, and the inquiring is put in the field of psychoanalysis , in which the devil on the one hand is a part of superego,having the responsibility to monitor and punish man;on the other hand, the devil is the symbol of id. Howere, whether it stands for the superego or id, it is consistent in the purpose of being created and making become devil, that is ,because of the horrible devil, the people are conscious to fear and leave their own instincts, during a long times, the devil is negative and denied. But until the 19^th century, the people had the new cognition to their own instincts which were approved gradually, and the moulding evaluating devil had changed. In this meaning, a times' view of value is reflected in the devil's body. This article intends to discuss the meaning of the devil to the human nature by analysing the difference between the devils of the 19th century and before, and by analysing the features emerged. This article finally hold, the devil is the internal part of the human nature, and it is not possible for human to reach the selfperfection by driving out the devil. That is to say, as a inherent composition, it is not possible that the devil was drived out completely, even if it is possible, we couldn't do that, or else it will lead to the incomplete human nature. In the 19^th century, the purpose of affirming and eulogizing the devil just was to awake the human nature which was depressed for a long time. However, affirming the devil's positive meanning does not mean completely approving the devil. The devil is and only is a element of the human nature, not total. The devil indeed contains destructive power, which once be indulged completely, the human nature and the civilization will both be affected negatively. In the 19^th century, the people overcorrected it, and this had a disadvantageous affect on the later ages. Infact, this reminds people, the human nature is complicated, is walking between the God and the devil, and sedulously striving to incline any side is the destruction to the human nature.