The Deixis Study Of Chinese Speech Attitudes

Generally speaking, when we say any word, whether intentional or not, there exists a subjective attitude, including affirmative attitude, positive, negative etc. Here, we called the attitude of the speaker expressed in communication as speech attitudes. This paper mainly discussed Speech Attitudes which can be regarded as a style of discourse deixis from the view of Pragmatics by holistic method,moreover,explain its significance from the whole course of Speech Communication .Speech attitudes at the deep of speech, it had existed prior to the speech. That means, before rising to the surface, the attitudes are formed in the mind of the speaker, and further express in an appropriate way. The Speech attitudes do not exist in a degree with syntax, and syntax of some elements can exist, as some of its expression .The speech attitudes discussed in this paper should belong to modality.The dissertation consists of five chapters.Chapter 1 we introduce the speech attitudes briefly, and discuss the significance of the dissertation. Refer to the subjective attitude of the Speaker in communication, American linguist Fillmore regard it as modality,his theory model can be described as :"S (sentence) =M (modality) +P (proposition)". Lyons think it is a characteristic of language–"subjectivity", Mostly scholars believe it is the modal language, and carry a multi-angle, multi-level detailed study. This text definite the attitude which expressed in communication as speech attitudes, what's more, it can be included in modality.Chapter 2 we try to classify speech attitudes. Firstly, We use the language for abstract thinking about the objective world and the language used to express and record the results of thinking. Therefore, In our thoughts inevitably includes elements of the objective reality, it means the external form and language linked to the real world, as a result some of the language does not clearly show any attitude. Comparing with the obvious manifestations of speech attitudes, no attitude is also an attitude, which can be called zero attitudes.Secondly, besides of zero attitudes, we try to sort the attitude from three classifications: Degree of certainty, emotional and specific targets for the tendency to adopt a particular behavior. By the degree of certainty, it can be classified into strong degree of certainty,middle certainty,Weak certainty and uncertainty. In emotional, it can be classified into positive speech attitude,neutral speech attitude,negative speech attitude . Positive speech attitude include sincerity, respect, modesty, friendly and frank attitude, etc; Neutral speech attitude including two categories: one is not to express any emotional attitude, the other saying that while the words were displayed certain emotional attitude, but neither positive nor negative speech attitude. Negative speech attitude mainly refers to impolite,resentment,contempt,resentment,sarcasm,threats,indifference and other attitudes; Mentions to Specific targets for the tendency to adopt a particular behavior, encourage, support, neutral, resentment, criticism, opposition attitude should be included. Among them, there is a degree of strength of their position on a sequence, argument and against attitude in the two extremes. Chapter 3 analyzes the form of speech attitudes. Speech attitudes can divide into two expression forms: verbal and nonverbal attitude sign. The verbal attitude sign can be classified into evident and implied speech markers. The former on speech sounds, vocabulary, grammar which have a widely performance. speech sounds mainly refers to stress,long pause,the hesitation and the tone .vocabulary mainly expressed by word class,word-building and idiom. Compared with evident speech markers, we explained implied speech markers from silence and subaudition. Furthermore, in nonverbal attitude sign, we analyze the body language and facial expression.Chapter 4 the dissertation mainly discusses the role of speech attitudes deixis. In essence, speech attitudes deixis should be a part of discourse deixis .It means that besides sociality deixis, discourse deixis also include speech attitudes deixis. In communication, it can affect the communication process and the results; Meanwhile it plays important role in building and understanding the text.The last chapter (chapter 5) is the conclusion, making some suggestions for future research on the topic under investigation.