Compilation And Application Of The Scale For Occupational Stressors On Contemporary Doctors

Along with the transformation of medical model and reform of public health system, the medical market changes constantly. As the implementation of evidence-presenting inversion system and the enhancement of law consciousness in patients, the expected value of patients and the society to doctors raised, and the contradictions between patients and doctors intensified gradually. But unfortunately the safeguard system that our country provided to doctors is imperfect. The profession of doctor is a high-technical, high-exploring and high-risk work, engaging in human's health. Consequently, contemporary doctors work under great occupational stress. Many researches indicated that working under lasting stress can cause occupational tiredness, which not only affects doctors' physical and moral integrity, but also causes the increase of negative behaviors, e.g. behavior impulses, being late or absent from work without excuses, operation mistakes, profession changes and so on. Moreover, these negative behaviors can impact the medical quality and efficiency, and then affect patients' benefits, the survival and development of hospitals. Therefore, to study the doctor's occupational stresses, and prevent the negative effects produced by them have important theoretical and practical significances.At present, researches focusing on the doctor's occupational stress are fewer, lack of profundity, and no comprehensive system tool has been developed to test it. Thus, it is urgent to compile a scientific and canonical tool to measure doctor's job stress. In our research, we compiled a standardized, scientific survey system to investigate the doctor's occupational stress, and then studied the stressors by multivariate analysis.Based on the references to data both at home and abroad, interview with and questionnaire investigation on doctors as well, a scale named"Scale for Occupational Stress on Doctors"is developed, which composed of 49 items after repeated measurement and revise. The statistical test showed: 1.DiscriminationThe subtests between high group and low group have good discrimination.2. Scale validity(1) Construct validity: KMO and Bartlett test indicated that datum were better linearism and can be made factor analysis. Seven factors can be got from this research: the title of a technical post promotion and appointment to a position engage, policy and job circumstance, interpersonal relation, working load, profession development, leader and management, self-ability and job characteristic. The 7 factors can explain 64.603% of total variance, can reflect the origin of doctor's occupational stress.(2) Content validity: We measured the correlation between total scale and subtests, the result showed the correlation between total scale and subtests are high. Content validity of the scale meet the demands of workout.(3) Criterion-related validity: CMBI was used as criterion to check the scale's validity in this research, the criterion was middling correlated with the scale.3. Scale reliability(1) Homogeneity reliability: The internal reliability was very satisfactory (Cronbach a=0.9039,subtests'Cronbach a=0.6236~0.9201).(2) Split-half reliability: The split-half reliability of gross scale was 0.6918, which showed the content measured were homologous.Using this self-made"Scale for Occupational Stress on Doctors",investigation has been made on 520 doctors. The results are as follows:1.In general, doctors'feeling of professional stress is relatively strong, the average overall value is 120.87(SD=11.96), which is above the theoretical median value 98.2.The characteristics of doctors'occupational stress:(1) The senior the titles of technical post, the higher the overall values.(2) Stress emerging from relationship varies sharply and significantly between different sexes and different titles of technical post.(3) Stress emerging from professional development showed significant differences among doctors with diverse length of service. (4) In doctors with intermediate title of technical post, the overall values of stress from diverse length of service and stress from relationship displayed significant differences.(5) In doctors with junior title of technical post, stress from relationship displayed significant differences among doctors with diverse length of service.(6) Stresses emerging from promotion and appointment to a senior technical post, policies and rules correlated with occupational conditions, relationships, working burden, professional development, leaders and management, personal abilities and occupational specialties existed significant differences among different levels of hospitals.(7) Even in the same specialty, doctors in different levels of hospitals faced different degrees of stresses emerging from promotion and appointment to a senior technical post, working burden.This paper analyzed and discussed the results above and, based on results of investigation and the reality of doctors'work, made such suggestions for lessening the occupational stresses on doctors from government, hospitals and individuals of doctors mainly as follows: (1) The government should establish much more perfect policies and rules correlated with public health system, and adopt impelling measures to lessen the doctors'occupational stress, improve their physical and mental health; (2) Management of hospital should"untie"the doctors, and create a favorable work and psychological environment for them; (3) Doctors themselves also should understand their occupational stress soundly, learn and make full use of proper tactics so as to lessen their senses of stress and enhance their psychological defending abilities.