The Study On Syntax And Semantic Of Chinese Relative Constructions

Relations minor sentence concept in the domestic Chinese educational world is a quite new concept, the correlation research already launches, mainly is the encompassment structural formula and"VP+de"the structure carries on.This article divides into following several parts to launch the elaboration:Introduction part, this article summarized the home and the relational minor sentence related research results, thinks so far, experienced about the relational minor sentence research described from the surface layer to in-depth explanation process, and pointed out studied immediately the insufficiency pointed out, advocated began directly from the word stock semantic characteristic, the discussion Chinese relations minor sentence relations question and the independent extension referred to the question, has settled the this article basic concept.The first part, this article synthesizes the domestic and foreign scholar's about relational minor sentence institute under definition, thought the relational minor sentence the syntax semantics condition is:1,syntax condition: The relational minor sentence +core noun (may for spatial)2,the semantic condition: In a relational minor sentence ingredient with the core noun which decorates with is referred. (In Chinese,this ingredient may be spatial,also may be a pronoun)The second part, proposes the noun and expressions availability rank, take the domestic and foreign scholars in view of the relations question as a breakthrough point, thought Keenan&Comrie proposed noun and expressions availability rank: The subject > the direct object > the indirect object > side the standard ingredient > the ruler and subordinate attribute is in Indo-European language's foundation research results, only suits their this kind of shape quite to be rich, from in-depth to surface layer transformation quite simple language; Chinese lacks the shape change, the sentence type change quite is flexible, the majority of semantic standard does not need any processing then to be possible to enter syntax positions directly and so on seat of honor guest position.In this case, we should avoid the subject object these surface layer syntax ingredient, inspects in-depth semantics standard directly, does this already conforms to Chinese characteristic, operates quite is also convenient.Take this as the basic point, this article meets down has launched the careful thorough discussion, entered the this article most main body the part.This article studies the relational minor sentence already includes falls acts as the attribute in the phrase the minor sentence, also includes in the principal clause acts as under the attribute the minor sentence.This part first embarks from the cross language angle, thought Chinese relations minor sentence mainly uses the pronoun to retain and the vacancy two kind of types, and according to a price verb, two price verbs, three price verbs conducts the classified research to in the phrase structure relational minor sentence, each kind of classified interior all separately discusses the verb control the core standard relations question and the periphery standard relations question, simultaneously pointed out they use relational minor sentence type.The author thought that,The verb controls the core standard, the compartment, increase standard this continual series is not fixed invariable.The verb core semantics standard extension may make in certain scopes the adjustment, but semantic standards and so on instrumental case, material standard, quarter standard all may take the adjustment the object, this is decided by the research angle and the object of study slight degree.This chapter draws the conclusion: After a terminal ingredient relates, can refer by the independent extension, should directly seek the answer to the word stock in, if this terminal ingredient semantic standard is indicated in the word stock and described, that, it can refer after the relations by the independent extension.The third part, relates the minor sentence to Chinese complex sentence in to carry on the classification, the syntax ingredient which acts as in the principal clause divides into the subject relations minor sentence, the object relations minor sentence according to the relational minor sentence beautification core noun, side the language relations minor sentence and so on.And carries on the inferior category to the subject relations minor sentence and the object relations minor sentence, explains their distributed question in-depth semantics standard.