The Comparative Studies Of Force-dynamic Schema On "Shi" Sentence And "Ba" Sentence

Causative is an important syntactic and semantic category in modern Chinese language. Causative structure embodies the fundamental visual and haptic cognition, which reveals the existence of image schema. The force-dynamic theory raised by Talmy (2000) is based on the realm of physical force between two force entities. As two different types of causative sentences,"shi"sentence and"bɑ"sentence have their own characteristics of force-dynamic schemas, which are the foundations to form different kinds of semantic structures and syntactic structures projected onto syntax level.The comparative studies on"shi"sentence and"bɑ"sentence of this thesis are based on their own force-dynamic schemas. On the elaboration of force-dynamic theory, we give a specific analysis of semantic characteristics of"shi"sentence and"bɑ"sentence in the causative situation for seeking their internal force driven factors and corresponding semantic parameters to construct different force-dynamic schemas. Through the comparison of their force-dynamic schemas, we argue that the agonist in pattern A of"shi"sentence usually contains stronger volition while the volition of the agonist in pattern A of"bɑ"sentence has been largely weaken because of the force exertion of antagonist, which results in the transformation of the agonist in spacial location. The elimination and involvement in state of impingement of a certain semantic parameters in pattern A of"bɑ"sentence can make the pattern A change into the transformed patternⅠandⅡof"bɑ"sentence. On the basis of force-dynamic schema, the transformed patternⅡof"bɑ"sentence is consistent with pattern A of"shi"sentence, which becomes the cognitive motivation that the two patterns can exchange at the linguistic forms.