The Study On Some Adverbs Of Shanmen Dialect In Dongkou County Hunan Province

Shanmen dialect is a spot of the Gan dialect. This article takes the adverbs of shanmen dialect as the research object, inspected all the adverbs as exhaustively as possible. Referely the general method, we divide the adverbs into six categories: range adverb, degree adverb, time adverb, deny adverb, mood adverb and modal adverb. We choice parts of the characteristic adverbs in shanmen dialect as research object, inspect the characteristics in semantic and grammar aspects, and carry on the comparison with mandarin in nearrighteousness adverb, in order to have comprehensive, thorough understanding to them.The thesis is subdivided into six parts:Introduction. We explain the reasons of studying the adverb words in shanmen dialect, outline the geographical location and historical overview of Dongkou country, introduce the researching status of the adverbs. The significance of this study and language theories and methods applied in this thesis.Chapter 1 Range adverb. We divide range adverb into all- including range adverb, single-including range adverb, and restrict range adverb. Ya (亚) is an all-including range adverb, which expresses that all of the object in the scope of it defined completely have one kind of attribute or make certain kind of motion, all-including objects can be in front of it or in behind; Laozi (劳只) is a single-including range adverb, which expresses that except for this does not have others. It is close with Zhi (只) in significance of mandarin, whose directional meaning is single and just backward; Jin (净) is a single- including range adverb, it expresses that the thing or movement nature in some scope is sole in some kinds of degrees; Qima (起码) is a restrict range adverb, no matter how many objective quantity in the scope of it summarizing, the talker always thought it's many on subjective. Its directional meaning is double.Chapter 2 Degree adverb. We divide the degree adverbs into relative degree adverb and absolute degree adverb. The highest-level relative degree adverb Zui (最)means surpass all the others, the degree occupies in the certain scope to the first place. The higher-level relative degree adverb Hai (还) through comparisons expresses the significance that one item's degree is higher. The lower-level Gaodi (高底) expresses the quantity is not many, or the degree is not deep. It can express the comparison righteousness and non- comparison righteous- ness.When it decorates VP the ultra magnitude absolute degree adverb Tai (太), all manifest the teller's subjective manner, the degree it expresses is excessive.and the teller holds the negative color,no matter what the sentiment color of the VP itself. High magnitude absolute degree adverb Man (蛮) is equal to Hen (很) in mandarin. Low magnitude absolute degree adverb Youenji (有恩唧) means the degree is not high, it's equal to Youdianer (有点儿) in mandarin.Chapter 3 Time adverb. Time adverb contain adverb for expressing time, adverb for expressing frequency and adverb for expressing sequence. Daoxian (倒闪) is an adverb for express- ing time. It means some behavior action's occurrence, carry on or complete almost simultaneous with another one. It usually acts as form language in the sentence, means that the affair hurriedly and surprise; Zendao(怎倒) expresses the movement or the behavior is continuely or unceasingly duplicatedin a long period of time, it only can decorate VP. High frequency adverb Hengzhi (横直) has two kinds of means, one is equal to the time adverb Zongshi (总是) in mandarin, it means the movements and the behaviors are uninterrupted, the condition continues, it is always uded for summarying the rules.Chapter 4 Deny adverb. Mao (冇) is the most commonly used negative adverb in Shanmen dialect, the meaning and method of using are mostly equal to the word of Bu(不) and Meiyou (没有)in mandarin, mainly used for the negative willing and condition; Mo (莫) is a negative adverb that means behavior advicing or forbidly, It is mostly decorate monosyllabic verb. It is used for an imperative sentence generally, carry on advising or forbiding to the behavior of the others; En (唔) is equal to Bu (不) in mandarin. It just subjective adjudicate when the standard that it according to was negated. It have nothing to do with the fact.Chapter 5 Tone adverb. The tone adverb is divided into single righteousness adverb, many righteousness adverb and adverb with other part of speech. Fanzheng (反正) can emphasize tone in Shanmen dialect, and mean in spite of how condition is dissimilarity, but a certain thing or activity always has no change when the condition had changed; While Lao (劳)is used as the tone adverb, It means that the talker don't want to do the matter or say some words; While Ang (硬) is used as the tone adverb, it contains three meanings, one is To a certain, what so ever and another ia Really, true and the last one is Be partial to.Chapter 6 Modal adverb. Dihuo(帝火)means the action behavior is quickly carried on, delaying nowise, having to hold firmly time, have the meanings of Hurry up, Hurriedly .It mainly used as the adverbial modifier of a sentence; Gancui(干脆)means the action behavior is simply and neatly, talk and work are simply and directy, sometimes it has resolute tone of In for a penny and in for a pound apparently; Zhiyi (制意) means purposely, it means that the behavior is adopt just for someone or some matter.Conclusion. In this chapter, we summarize the signigicance and method of the adverb study of the full text simply.