The Study On Some Adverbs Of Huamen Town Dialect In Shuangfeng County, Hunan Province

Shuangfeng county lies in the middle of hunan.Shuangfeng dialect belongs to Loushao subgroup of Xiang dialect.This article takes the adverbs of huamen town dialect in shuangfeng county as the research object,inspected all the adverbs as exhaustively as possible.At the same time,we choice parts of the characteristic adverbs in huamen dialect as intensive research object,inspect the characteristics in syntax,symantic and grammer aspects.In the process of study,we carry on the comparison with some adverbs in symantic and usage aspects,and carry on the comparison with mandarin in synonymous adverbs,in order to open the adverbial characteristic of shuangfeng dialect.According to the general method,we divide the adverbs into six categories:range adverb,degree adverb,time and frequency adverb,mood adverb,deny adverb and modal adverb.This article bases on the peculiar instance of huamen dialectal adverbs,adds multifunction adverb.The thesis is subdivided into seven parts:Introduction.We introduce the geographical location,historical evolution and populational actuality of Shuangfeng country and Huamen town,introduce the researching status of the Hunan dialectal and Shuangfeng dialectal adverbs,explain the objects,the methods and the significances of this study.Chapter 1 Range adverb.We divide range adverb into all-including range adverb,single-including range adverb,and restrict range adverb.(?)o³³ (下)is an all-including range adverb,which expresses that its general objects are the gather of the livelong scope.Its direction is not assured,can be in front of itself or behind itself.(?)o³³(下)is especial in semantic,its all-including objects can be the whole members or the few members or the numerous members.In the different language situations,its omnibus scope is different.D(?)iv³³(å°±)is an single-including range adverb.Its general objects are the individual member or the few members of the livelong scope.Its direction is unidirectional,and can be behind.D(?)iv³³dz(?)³³(就是)is a restrict range adverb.It is different from d(?)iv³³ts(?)³⁵ (就只)in symantic,the person of applicable subject.Chapter 2 Degree adverb.We divide degree adverb into relative degree adverb and absolute degree adverb.In this chapter,we introduce some characteristic degree adverbs in huamen dialect,for example s(?)³¹(æ­»),t(?)i³¹(几),xe(?)³¹(很),me¹³(è›®)in high magnitude absolute degree adverb and iu³¹ti³⁵t(?)i³¹(有滴唧)in low magnitude absolute degree adverb. (?)³¹(æ­»)can be translated into hen(很)or feichang(非常) in mandarin,but its degree is higher than hen(很)or feichang(非常). In the syntax distributing,s(?)³¹(æ­»)can be lies in the front of the predication,serving as adverbial modifier.At the same time,it also can be lies behind the predication,serving as complement.T(?)i³¹(几)expresses the toppest degree,can be translated duome(多么)or xianodang(相当), and its semantic degree is correspond to s(?)³¹(æ­»).In Huamen dialect, xe(?)³¹(很)is very especial in its syntax distributing.It can but lies behind the predication,serving as complement,and it can not serve as adverbial modifier.Me¹³(è›®)is correspond to hen(很)in mandarin.Iv³¹ti³⁵t(?)i³¹(有滴唧)means the degree is not high,it's equal to youdianer(有点儿)in mandarin.Chapter 3 Time and frequency adverb.Time adverb contain tim adverb for expressing unfinished tense,finished tense and continuity tense.Based on the frequency of incident,we divide frequency adverb into high-frequency adverb,intermediate-frequency adverb and lowfrequency adverb.(?)o³³d(?)iv³³(下就)is an adverb for expressing time.It means that some actions happen in short time,and it can be translated like (立刻)or mashano(马上)in mandarin.It is special,which sometimes expresses finished tense,sometimes expresses unfinished tense.Li¹³ s(?)⁵⁵k(?)u³¹(粒四搞)also is an adverb for expressing time,and it also can be translated like(立刻)or mashano(马上).However,it is different from (?)o³³d(?)iv³³(下就)in sentential form,symantic and characteristic of sentence subject aspects.High- frequency adverb(?)an¹³lan⁵⁵(横弄)can be translated laoshi(老是)or zongshi(总是)in mandarin.It means the movements and the behaviors are uninterrupted,the condition continues,it is always used for summarying the rules.However,it is different from t(?)in³¹(儘)or t(?)in³¹t(?)u³¹(儘倒)in symantic,syntax distributing and overlapping form aspects.Le(?)³³(?)ion¹³(链常),i(?)³⁵iu³³(要又)are adverbs for expressing intermediate- frequency.They mean that some actions ofen happen.In many situations,they are interchangeable,and they can be translated changchang(常常)or wangwang(往往)in mandarin.However, they are different in focal point of symantic and universal sentential form aspects.Chapter 4 Tone adverb.Tone adverb contain adverbs for expressing state tone,speculate tone,interrogative tone,imperative tone and multiple tone.In this chapter,we introduce le(?)¹³(è¿ž)in state tone adverb and On³³ (硬),iu³³(又),don³³xe(?)³¹(断很)in multiple tone adverb.In Xiang dlalect,le(?)¹³(è¿ž)has a very prevarent usage.It can be used in negative sentence to reinforce deny tone.However,in Huamen dialect,le(?)¹³(è¿ž)can be used in some peculiar formats,for example"è¿ž+V/A+唔过唧","è¿žV地V"and so on.It has some peculiar usages.On³³(硬)is used as tone adverb,it contains three meanings,one is to a certain,what so ever and another is be partial to and the last one is really,true.Iv³³(又)can express multiple tone,in different language situations,its tone is different.It can express turning tone,reinforce deny tone,reinforce rhetorical question tone,interrogative tone and concessive tone and so on.In Huamen dialect,don³³xe(?)³¹(断很)contains two meanings,one is equal to gancui (干脆),and another is equal to xingkui(幸亏)in mandarin.Don³³xe(?)³¹ (断很)means the action behavior is simply and neatly,without hesitate,talk and work are simply and directly.Don³³xe(?)³¹(断很₂) means felicitating something has happened or has not happened.Thus it can avoid some kind of bad result.Chapter 5 Deny adverb.Deny adverb contain deny adverb for expressing subjective,objective and dissuasive,n³⁵(å””)is an adverb for expressing subjective,mainly used for the negative willing.It is the most commonly used negative adverb in Huamen dialect.It is equal to bu(不) in mandarin.M(?)u³³(冒)is an adverb for expressing obiective.Its meaning is mostly equal to the word mei(没)in mandarin.M(?)u³³ti⁵⁵(冒得)is mainly used as verb,and its meaning is equal to meiyou(没有)in mandarin.But sometimes it can be used as adverb.Mv³⁵(莫)is an adverb for expressing dissuasive.It contains three meanings,one is to disadvise or prohibit,and another is to speculate and the last one is to reinforce tone.Chapter 6 Modal adverb.Model adverb contain model adverb for expressing aim of act,estate of act and estate of act main body.In this chapter,we introduce t^hin³⁵(听)in expressing aim of act model adverb, dz(?)³³ku³¹(是个),t(?)i⁵⁵tsu³⁵t(?)i⁵⁵mon¹³(急做急忙)in expressing estate of act model adverb and Se(?)⁵⁵pu³⁵se(?)⁵⁵(先不先)in expressing estate of act main body model adverb.T^hin³⁵(听)means doing something without foudation,it's equal to huluan(胡乱)in mandarin.Dz(?)³³ku³¹(是个) contains two meanings,jielianbuduan(接连不断)is its main meaning.It means the behaviors are uninterrupted.Shuliangduo(数量多)is its another meaning.T(?)⁵⁵tsu³⁵t(?)i⁵⁵mon¹³(急做急忙)means the action is quickly carried on,delaying nowise,have the meanings of Hurry up, Hurriedly.It mainly used as the adverbial modifier of a sentence.In Huamen dialect,t(?)i⁵⁵tsu³⁵t(?)i⁵⁵mon¹³(急做急忙)is different from k'ua³⁵ti⁵⁵(å¿«æ»´)and li¹³S(?)⁵⁵k(?)u³¹(粒四搞)in usage and distributing function aspects.Se(?)⁵⁵pu³⁵se(?)⁵⁵(先不先)contains three meanings,one is the thing has not started,and another is easily,and the last one is maybe.Chapter 7 Multifunction adverb.There are some multifunction adverbs in Huamen dialect.They have multi-meanings,multi-usages and multi-functions.Based on symantic,we can divide tαu³⁵(倒)into seven kinds.For expressing turning,concessive,range,emphasis,tone,link and indeed;d(?)in³³(净)can be used as all-including range adverb,single-including range adverb,and time adverb.Their meanings and grammer functions are different.Conclusion.In this chapter,we summarize the content and method of the adverb study of the full text simply.