The Revolutionary's Reaction To The Constitutional Reformation In The Late Qing Dynasty And Its Influence

The Constitutional Reformation in the Late Qing Dynasty had experienced three typical development phases, such as the preparing stage, the imitating stage and the practing stage.In the preparing stage, the revolutionaries tried to prevent the start of the Constitutional Reformation. When the trend of thought of Constitutionalism rose, it was severely criticized by the the revolutionaries. It was a symbol for the practice of Constitutionalism when the five ministers started to go abroad, but the five ministers were assassinated in the station. When the new five ministers safely went abroad, the revolutionaries completely denied the possibility and feasibility of the theory of the constitutional reformation, and there was the first high tide of public opinion against the constitutional reformation of the Qing Dynasty. The reaction of the revolutionaries stimulated the theory of" eliminating the revolution through Constitutionalism" which early emerged in the Dynasty, and it made the constitutional decision come out soon.In the imitating stage, the policies of Constitutionalism of the government seriously threatened the cause of revolution. However, the measures of Constitutionalism were ineffective, the revolutionaries took advantage of the opportunity to bring about the second high tide of public opinion against the Constitutional Reformation of the Qing Dynasty. At the same time, there were different thought about Constitutionalism of Chinese among the revolutionaries. Zhang Taiyan denied the Constitutional Reformation of the Qing Dynasty and the thought of democracy and republicanism of Sun Yat-sen. However, the revolution against the Constitutionalism of the revolutionaries had push forward the development of the Constitutional Reformation, no matter for attacking the Constitutional Reformation or for strengthening themselves before the Constitutional Reformation completed.In the practing stage, the Qing rulers sinked into an antinomy in constitution with centralization, which made their measures destroy the public hope. Because the revolutionary's armed uprisings were defeated again and again, they can not influe the government's constitutioanal decision effectively, and than some revolutionaries turned to assassinat officials advocating a constitution. The government also made use of the interrogation of these assassination to display the achievement of the Constitutional Reformation to deal with the Parliament Petition Movement. At that same time, the Alliance Society of China was divided seriously in organization, and some domestic revolutionaries advocated the citizen's responsibility in their publication, which was a new form of reply.Replying the Constitutional Reformation was a big challenge to the revolutionaries. The revolutionary's active reaction had influenced the Qing ruler's decision, the revolutionarie's theories and the attitude to the constitutional reformation of some constitutionalists. However, their deviation on constitutional thoughts, and confusion of the organization also weakenned their replying result to some extent.