Modern Women And Women's Liberation Movement In Russia

For a long time, scholars in our country emphasize onpolitics, economy and culture of Russia history, while the study for women's history is adesert. For the reason, The text tries to make a probe of Modern Russian Women'ssurvival and development, to sort out Russian Women's Liberation Movement frombeginning to end. This is significance of the text.The basic idea: Modern Russian women's status had obvious improvement inprivate and public area. Russian women's status was very low before 1860s, They couldnot they couldn't enter into social area. Through half century's struggle, Russianwomen's status had obvious improvement in the family. It was embodied in differentfields: Enlightened parents began to abandon the thought that men were superior towomen, Devorce became relatively easy, Selecting spouse became relatively freedom,Women's right of inheritance enlarged. Russian women's status was higher than WestEuropean Women in the family. Women were forced from home to society by Russian'sindustry revolution. In order to survive, Low-class women went to factory; Becausedissatisfaction to accepting family education, marriage and being housewives, and inorder to achieve their self-value, so middle-high class women gradually went intosociety. The process that women went into society just the process that Marx said thetransition which relied from people to substance. Russian women's subjectconsciousness went from apatheticness to awakeness. During this process, RussianWomen's Liberation Movement appeared on the history stage.Along with Russian Women's Question appeared in 1860s, Russian Feminist,Nihilist and Radicalist put forward their scheme to solve women problem. RussianFiminist hoped to realize equality between man and woman on the basis of the TsarAutocracy System. Middle-high women were main force in Russian Feminism Moment,Russian women obtained higher education's right, employment fight and the right tovote. From this, they had very great achievement, but Russian Feminism Momentrepresented middle-upper women's interests. Feminist could not find the socialeconomical cause that oppressed the women, they didn't hope to alter Russian politicalsystem, they hoped to improve women's status by reform, As a result, Feminism Moment broken away from the revolution. In Feminism Moment, Russian Feminist wasmore imitation not creation. Male is the center in the social construction, if RussianFeminist didn't radically change the social construction, They would be second forever.Nihilist tried to solve Russian Women Question by commune, but it falled, ManyNihilist took part in revolutionary organization. Populism woment and SocialistRevolutionary Party women tried to solve Russian Women Questione by terrorismway, on the contrary, it damaged revolution. Russian socialist women movementdeveloped under Bolshevik Party's leading.Under Bolshevik Party's leading, Russian socialist women movement focused ontwo fields: The first, educated working-class women to understand limitation offeminism movement, strived for owner liberation, The second, established Rabotnitsa,improved working-class women'political consciousness, strived for women to take partin Bolshevik Party, strengthened women's role in the socialist women movement.Russian women liberation combining with workers' movement was Russian WomenMovement's apparent character.Russian Socialist Women Movement obtained great success under BolshevikParty's leading. Working-class women energeticly took part in BolshevikParty; Working-class women energeticly took part in strike and revolution, To order toestablish the first socialism country in the world, Working-class women gave theiryounth for their country. Russian Socialist Women Movement emphasized class benefits.But class and gender are not the same. gender exists from birth of human being society,while class only exists class society. Men are center in the society. Labour women didnot change the society which men are center, if they join struggle with female identity.The whole text includes four parts:The first part:The Russian Women in the first half of 18—19century. The partdiscussed aristocratic women, city women and rural women's survival and development.The part is the historical starting point of the text.The second part: The Russian Women in 1861—1917. The part elaborated RussianWomen how to awaken and how to enter into social area.The third part:Feminism movement. The part sorted out Russian Feminism andevaluated it.The fourth part:From nihilism to radicalism.The innovation: At home for the first time Author researched Modern Russian Women's survival and sorted out Modern Women's Liberation Movement frombeginning to end.