Study On The Race Constitution Of Xia Shang And Zhou Tribes

This paper uses cluster analysis and principal component analysis of multivariate statistical methods to study the race constitution and the origin of Xia Shang and Zhou tribes. What'more, combining with historical and archaeological data, this paper studies the formation of the initial constitution of Huaxia race. The full text can be divided into five parts: First, Preface:Xia, Shang and Zhou, the three dynasties are an important period for the formation of Huaxia race, during which period, Xia, Shang and Zhou, the three tribes are most important ethnic groups and it also has important academic significance to study theirs Race Constitution. Some researches have been carried out before, based on which achievements and combining newly released data this paper carries out further studies on this issue.The human bones, unearthed form Huolong countryside in YuZhou city, Henan province, can be most representive physical type of Xia people. The human bones in the middle and small tombs of Yinxu can represent the physical type of Shang people. And Zhou people's representative human bones are both digged out from Pre–Zhou and West-Zhou tombs, west Zhihui village, south of FengXiang, Shanxi province and pre-Zhou tombs, Wayaogou, Tongchuan city Shanxi province.Second. The Physical Type Comparison of Xia, Shang and Zhou People: The paper chooses two groups, Liuwan merged group and Dadianzi②group, to compares with each group representing Xia, Shang and Zhou people, using cluster analysis to study and the final results reveal that except for the middle and small tombs③group of Yinxu, each group representing Xia Shang and Zhou people gathers into one group, which reflects that their physical type are more similar than other groups .Third: the Comparisons Between Xia,Shang and Zhou People and Relative Ancient Groups:1. The Comparisons between Xia people and Relative Ancient Groups: The paper chooses 8 groups such as Yangshao merged group to compare with Wadian group representing Xia people, using cluster analysis to study and the final results reveal that Wadian group are more similar with Yangshao merged group, Miaodigou group, Taosi group, Chengzi group, belonging to middle and lower reaches of the Yellow river in Neolithic Age.2. The Comparisons between Shang People and Relative Ancient Groups: The paper chooses 10 groups such as Yangshao merged group to compare with middle and small tombs②,③groups representing Shang people, using cluster analysis to study and the final results reveal that middle and small tombs②representing most of Shang people gathers with Dadianzi①group, and then gathers with the other groups belonging to middle and lower reaches of the Yellow river in Neolithic Age. While middle and small tombs③gathers with Taixi group and Miaohoushan group.3. The Comparisons between Zhou People and Relative Ancient Groups: The paper chooses 7 groups such as Liuwan merged group to compare with Xicun and Wayaogou group representing Zhou people, using cluster analysis to study and the final results reveal that Xixun and Wayaogou group gather with the groups belonging to middle and lower reaches of the Yellow river in Neolithic Age, but there are some differences. Then using principal component analysis, we can find that the differences of physical characteristics are mainly in the face, nose, eyehole and forehead.Fourth.Discussion:The paper mainly introduces the distribution of the ancient races in Pre-Qin dynasty, according to current data, in which it is divided into five basic categories:"Ancient Northeast Type","Ancient North China Type","Ancient Central Plain Type","Ancient Northwest Type","Ancient South China Type", and each has specific physical characteristics and reaches.1. The Physical Characteristic'identity of Xia, Shang and Zhou People: Except for the middle and small tombs③group of Yinxu, each group representing Xia, Shang and Zhou people can be put into one group,"Ancient Central Plain Type", which has identity in physical characteristic. This physical characteristic identity is a lasting of Bronze Age from Neolithic Age in middle and lower reaches of Yellow river.2. The Origin of Xia people and Xia Race:The people of Wadian group representing Xia people has origin relationship with ancient people of Yangshao Age and Longshan Age in middle and lower reaches of Yellow river. Combining with historical and archaeological data, Xia race is the local indigenous rising form the Central Plains.3. The Origin of Shang People and Shang Race:Shang people's species are not simple. Middle and small tombs②representing most of Shang people belongs to"Ancient Central Plain Type", while middle and small tombs③should belong to"Ancient Northeast Type". Combining with historical and archaeological data, the physical type of Shang people of the royal blood should belong to"Ancient Northeast Type", and its origin site should be in the Northeast of China. Middle and small tombs②representing most of Shang civilians, are the descendent of Hebei Longshan culture people, who were absorbed into Shang people in the process of Shang people's outward, sited in two sides of mountain Taihang.4. The Origin of Zhou People and Zhou Race:The two groups of Zhou people have small differences, but they both belong to"Ancient Central Plain Type", and they have origin relationship with ancient people in middle and lower reaches of the Yellow river of Neolithic Age. Combinging with historical and archaeological data, the difference in the face, between Wayaogou group of Zhou people and Xicun group of Zhou people, should be affected by"Ancient Northwest Type".Fifth, Conclusion:Through synthesizing the species information of xia,shang and zhou, it can be said that the the Huaxia race is initial formed in a relatively simple environment of racial biology. That is the"Ancient Central Plain Type", which formed in Neolithic Age. Then the"Ancient Northeast Type"and some"Ancient Northwest type"factor merged in through Shang and Zhou People, when Huaxia race started to form.