The Activities Of Constitution In The Qing Dynasty

The Friends of the Constitution is the result of the activities of forming parties in the constitutional movement in the late qing dynasty.The founding of the Friends of the Constitution society played an important role in uniting the constitutionalists in China and strengthening the unity of the constitutionalists in the provinces.At the same time,the Friends of the Constitution society promoted the pace of constitutional reform in the late qing dynasty and affected the construction of political parties in the early republic of China.In this paper,the author makes a comprehensive study on the development of the Friends of the Constitution movement in the late qing dynasty.This paper analyzes the development track and course of Chinese political parties in the late qing dynasty,and explores the root of the frequent chaos of Chinese political parties in the late qing dynasty and the early republic of China.The first chapter of this paper mainly introduces the background of the introduction of the concept of political party into China and the inducement of the association.The constitutionalists in the constitutional movement were the initiators and organizers of the Friends of the Constitution.They gradually mastered the political experience of establishing political parties,guiding public opinion and uniting the core representatives of the provinces in the three congressional petition movements,and carried out a political practice for the establishment of the Friends of the Constitution.The second chapter mainly discusses the aim,program and constitution of the Friends of the Constitution.As the first legal political party recognized by the qing government in China,the Friends of the Constitution association played a representative role in the party's program,rules and regulations,organizational constitution and branch construction,which had great reference significance for the construction of political parties in the early years of the republic of China.Chapter three analyzes the nature of the Friends of the Constitution and the internal factional conflicts and disputes.Both in terms of the composition of the members and in terms of the purpose and program of the constitution,the Friends of the Constitution were the representatives of the people's party that influenced the whole country at that time.Due to the complexity of the internal members of the Friends of the Constitution,it is difficult to achieve political consensus.The fourth chapter describes the active participation of the Friends of the Constitution in constitutional activities.After the founding of the Friends of the Constitution,there were many problems such as the border crisis,the introduction of the policy of the state ownership of the trunk road,the promulgation of the royal cabinet system,and the dispute between China and Britain on the anti-smoking law.The fifth chapter mainly discusses the division and extinction of the Friends of the Constitution,and introduces the influence of the establishment of the Friends of the Constitution.Due to the expansion of internal contradictions and differences,the Friends of the Constitution quickly divided into two major factions after the 1911 revolution and formed parties respectively.