Research On 'Disaster Blamed' Acceptation System In Divine Language Materials Of Late Shang Dynasty

In the study of Chinese vocabulary history, there are some specific fields deserve great attentions:First of all, the study on Ancient Chinese vocabulary and acceptation is very important. Ancient Chinese is the source of future Chinese generations, which directly influences the development ways and directions of Chinese Language. Thus, research on Ancient Chinese acceptation system is really meaningful, because it is the foundation of Chinese vocabulary history chronology studies.Secondly, the study on documents unearthed is also great important. In terms of language, documents unearthed are authentic materials that records of Ancient Chinese. And at the same time, the documents unearthed have an important positive role in the supplement to classical literature, so it is no doubt that documents unearthed, combined with classical literature, will play a significative role in the study on Ancient Chinese history.Thirdly, the study on frequently-used word and acceptation system is also important. The acceptation system in particular period has a better reflection of language situations and prevailing social or cultural aspects. This is decided by the sociality of language, which is also one of the objectives of language research.However, compared with the importance, the research on Chinese vocabulary history is a little weak, and the achievements especially in the above three fields can not meet the research needs. This situation is not good to the further research in the long run. Based on the above reasons, this paper studies on the oracle-bone inscriptions of Yin Dynasty ruins, and try to complete a comprehensive and systematic description on the'Disaster Blamed'Acceptation System. We hope that some practical help to the Ancient Chinese vocabulary history research would be achieved by this study.Oracle-bone literature veritably and systematically records the Chinese in late Shang Dynasty, which is the source of modern Chinese. According to the divine contents in oracle-bone inscriptions, we can find out that the divine activities are very common in that time, such as sacrifice, expedition, hunting, disease, birth and so on. These activities can also reflect the Shang Dynasty to a certain extent.Since divine activity has a particularly good or ill luck or some ghostlike elements, the category of words polymer with'disaster blamed'meanings in that period is also a common acceptation system. Therefore, it is very necessary to research on the common acceptation system of spoken language materials based on the vocabulary studies, which truly reflect the late Shang dynasty. And it is no doubt that this research is very valuable to the Ancient Chinese studies and even to the whole Chinese history studies.In this paper,'disaster blamed'is defined as the general'disaster'and'scourge'as people understand. However, the'disaster blamed'words in Shang dynasty have a ghostlike color and often represent for serious results. In addition, the 'disaster blamed' words is only a core semantic characteristic and it shouldn't be limited by the current distinguish framework among the noun, the verb and the adjective words.With the method of combining the meaning and form of the inscriptions, this paper try great effort to find the evidence in classical literature, and then according to the characteristic of oracle-bone inscriptions content form, this paper do carefully screen and sorting and aggregate a acceptation system at last.Some words in oracle-bone inscriptions have two or more physical shape with different but related characters. In the view of the author, these shapes may not necessarily be the same word, and almost all the generally understood same terms should be called kinship words with close relations.According to the description and studies, we affirm that there are 17'disaster blamed'words in that dynasty. They are as follows:'{ }','{ There are still another seven words, , which are classified as impeach words because of evidence lack, and we hope that the new materials and new perspectives will arise in future.Thus, we can approximately present the'disaster blamed'acceptation system in Divine language materials of late Shang dynasty. During the studies on acceptation system, we can have a better understand about the social activities such as divine activity from the point of language. Besides, it is also beneficial for us to find out the thinking feature and cultural mentality of Han nationality in the distant Shang dynasty.Such kind of case description on specific acceptation system is very important. As a member of the Ancient Chinese language system, this case study can provide great support to the summary and run-through of the Ancient Chinese or even the whole Chinese acceptation system. If the Ancient Chinese acceptation system can be appropriately classified into small species and given dedicate description, the integrate Ancient Chinese acceptation system will appear and will be much more clear. However, the description in this paper is just an initial work, and great research fields are now waiting for the further studies and efforts. For example, extend the language material field from Shang dynasty language materials to the inscriptions of Bronzes of West Zhou dynasty or Zhan Guo Dynasty language materials. These kinds of acceptation comparison research based on the materials and classical literature will be great positive to the research of Ancient Chinese vocabulary history studies.