A Study On The Tobacco Planting And Cigarette Industry In Henan During 1912-1937

Tobacco came into China at the end of Ming Dynasty, which had commonly been planted within the territory of the whole nation till 1628 . Tobacco also entered Henan province at the same time .Because of Henan natural conditions and tobacco's peculiar effect , Tobacco had been the people's hobby and one of the most important economic plants gradually since it came into Henan province . The tobacco planting and cigarette industry tobacco were gradually developed in Henan province till the end of Qing Dynasty. Tobacco planting had been dramatically developed after tobacco from US was introduced into Henan in 1913 . till 1937 , the trend of specialized planting began to emerge, which gradually shaped some tobacco zones,and Xu Chang City became the centre of tobacco producing and distributing . Cigarette industry also developed promptly at the same time and reached its climax。The main body of the article is drawn up from Henan entire agriculture, circles the base line of tobacco planting and cigaretteg industry in Xu Chang City , and studies its development course,its position in the agriculture ,and its effect on the economy and social life in Henan .The main body of the artical is divided into five parts :Part one: The history of tobacco planting and cigarette industry .The tobacco came into Zhongmou County in 1626 firstly , then into Jiaxian county.At the end of Ming Dynasty , tobacco was introduced in Dengxian county from the southeast coast and Dengxian county became the source of tobacco planting in Henan . Till the end of Qing Dynasty , the tobacco was grown all over Henan provincee. Cigarette handwork industry began to appear。Part two: The development situation of the tobacco planting and cigarette industry in Henan during 1912-1937 . The Henan tobacco planting and cigarette industry in Henan already began to take shape, but the tobacco breed is the local tobacco before 1911. British American Tobacco Company (B.A.T. ) began to reform the tobacco breed and introduced better breed into Henan in 1913. The cigarette company bought the tobacco in high prices in order to encourge the farmers to plant this kind of the tobacco. The scale of tobacco planting was enlarged greatly, Xuchang City began to become the centre of tobacco producing and the distributing . Tobacco industry in this period developed promptly , the rich people invested on it and bulit many factories.Part three: The factors and reasons of the development of tobaccoh planting and cigarette industry in Henan . Tobacco better productivity and large market stimulated the development of tobacco planting and cigarette industry. Simultaneous B.A. T and Nangyang Brother Tobacco Company bought tobacco with high prices which expant tobacco planting areas;Part four: The effects of the tobacco planting and cigarette industry in Henan economy . The development of tobaccoh planting and cigarette industry optimized the economic structure and changed the single-grain planting; Its development formed a zone of tobacco specialized planting area in Xuchang city; Its development made the tobacco industry prosperous and created other industry.Part five: The limitation to the development of tobacco planting and cigarette industry in Henan. exploited the farmers cruely;. It was B.A. T's and other exploitees's cruel exploitions and the imperialist's suppression , government's heavy tobacco tax, frequent natural calamities and the brigands'robs that detered the tobacco planting and cigarette industry in Henan from developing further.