On The Aesthetical Characteristics Of Chinese Kunqu Opera's Free Representation

As"Masterpieces of Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity", Kunqu opera was famous for her ideal representation and immanence artistic purpose, which won her the good name of"refined part"comparing with"flower part"for six hundred years. Kunqu opera has a profound affection to all of the other Chinese drama, and so had a name of"the mother of hundreds drama". Reviewing her history, we find that Kuqu opera had undergone four stages, which were the primal stage of"circumbendibus and clear", reform stage, flourish stage and decline stage. As a synthetic performing art, Kuqu opera can be divided into five system: tone system, accompaniment system, melody system, performance system and text system.Kuqu opera not only had the Chinese traditional drama characteristic:free representation, but also had a strong aesthetical characteristic. Since the concept"free representation"was original used in painting field and always expatiating the Chinese ancient traditional artistic characteristic, the interior meaning and extension became dark and broaden, the use condition became disordered. It is useful to make the meaning of"free representation"clear. From synthetically reviewing, the"free representation"which came from classical painting knack pay more attention to spirit similarity instead of physical similarity. While in literature writing, the"free representation means"catch the spirit, even forgetting the words"or"pay more attention to spirit instead of words."Which not mean that we don't require form but that we require the interior spirit meaning reflected by the similarity of physical form. In other words, It is"free representation"that emphasize the physical form most.Reviewing from Chinese aesthetics history, we find that the Chinese general incline of free representation which is shown by the development from imago to artistic conception .The imago in general level is existed in two-dimensional, while Kunau opera's imago is in three-dimensional which need understanding and imagine. As based on three-dimensional imago and together with sensibility, spirit comprehension, thus come into being a mutual communication and artistic conception become a four-dimensional concept. It is the mutual dialog and intercommunion in thought and consciousness'that make the Kunqu opera'reading and enjoying become a three-dimensional thinking negotiation thus get go full orientation of Kunqu opera's comprehension.Because the form of Kunqu opera is"the form with implication"which expresses the meaning, it is the carrier of expressing and conveying. Put the traditional drama characteristic aside, Kuqu opera has the special superior trait: aesthetical. Firstly, as one of the Chinese classical aesthetics category, "free representation"also emphasizes spirit, affection and feeling, which belongs to the aestheticism too. Secondly, Kunqu pay more attention to form performance by which pursuing aesthetical meaning. As Mr. Baixianyong once said:"Kunqu opera has nothing but the beauty"The beauty of Kunqu opera is conveyed to audiences by aesthetical form performance. So,it's the uppermost conjunction between the concept"free representation"and aesthetical meaning. The last but not latest is that to against the society from beauty(sensibility, sensation) as by the aesthete in the late of nineteenth century, which also was strongly conveyed in Tangxianzu's《The Poeny Pavilion》by Tangxianzu's love-praise theory in the fourteenth century. The identity of"free representation"can be finded in Kuqu opera's tune, legend text, singing and dancing and etc.The reason why Kunqu opera has aesthetical characteristic is related to the"Wu culture".It is profit from the nourishment and edification of"Wu culture"that Kunqu took place and developed. Firstly,it's the graceful, clear and beautiful characteristics of Wu phonic that makes Kunqu opera tune interesting and pleasant to listen to. Secondly, it's abundant and wealth natural environment of Wu district that ensure the Kunqu opera's development. Best of all, people in Wu district have the character of warrior and adoring literacy. Although it has a long history of warrior, it is the energy of strives which in the backside of warrior that make the culture and economy development of Wu district bloomed for a thousand year. The spirit which eager to do well everything had shown itself several behavior such as warrior, literacy adoring, emphatic education and business orientation, Which took place alternately or synchronously and had a profound affection to the Wu district's energy development and physical development. Kunqu opera has grown up from the environment of emphatic education and business orientation. It's the vie spirit that let she dominant the Chinese traditional drama field for two hundred years in the MingQin dynasty. The city's spirit of Suzhou has been defined as"literacy adoring, compatible, innovate and foresighted"after Kunqu opera's birth for six hundred years. The spirit endows Suzhou which like a classical and modern lady with a more compatible environment for Kunqu opera.