On The Boundary Feature Of Poems By Wizard Li He

The purpose of this paper was to study poems by wizard Li He from the angle of boundary feature. The two kinds of frames of reference set up were mainstream poetics and boundary poetics. Generally Li He's poems were characterized by reacting against the mainstream poetics. Relative to other poets and poem schools in boundary poetics, Li He's poems showed outstanding originality on boundary feature, which was the reason why he was called wizard on Chinese ancient Parnassus. The paper respectively studied the boundary feature of skill ,subject and thought in Li He's poems and the origin of boundary feature.The introduction delimited some conceptions and introduced the correlative conditions. First of all, it confined the conception on boundary feature and pointed out that the boundary feature was a kind of characteristic that deviates from the mainstream poetics, which was few in amount and extreme in mental. Secondly, it studied the mainstream of Chinese classical poems and criterion, besides that, pointed out that Confucian poetics, gentle and honest, was the mainstream in Chinese classical poems. There were three aspects of the criterion: pursuing aesthetics of moderation in skill; reflecting societal true life in subject; showing meticulousness in mental. The poets, poems and poem schools that reacted against the mainstream poetics were considered to be boundary. The mainstream was fixed but the edge feature appears in different ways. Thirdly, it recapitulated totally the boundary feature of poems by Li He and indicated that there were three aspects by summarizing comment on boundary feature about Li He's poems of all dynasties: breaking moderation but pursuing extreme skill;divorcing from reality but describing dead in subject; rejecting meticulousness but showing life ideas and time ideas. The paper placed much emphasis on following problems.The first chapter analyzed the boundary feature in skill, which was manifested in highly condensation of skill and relative loose of whole poem. The former was manifested in color words, sound words, high frequency and special use of rhetoric; the last was manifested in changing traditional way of melding the sequences of lines even disordering the line.The second chapter studied the boundary feature in subject of poems by Li He. There were 96 pieces of dead poems which composed the 39.7 of the whole poems as three kinds:"dead poems","fairy poems"and"strangeness poems". The paper respectively studied the ways of description and singularity of view.The third chapter studied the boundary feature in metal. First, it analyzed again the dispute about"lack of spirit"and pointed out Li He's poems were considered unreasonable because Confucian poetics should fit the requirements in Chinese classical poetics, however, warmness in concerning with reality and positive outlook were not what Li He looked forward to. Next, it pointed out the unique ideas of poems by Li He. He expressed life ideas and time ideas in his opinion by considering one's own life and rank in the unlimited and broad time and space. His life and time ideas were objective.The sufficient part studied the reason why the boundary feature of poems by Li He came into being. The boundary feature was a result of reaction in body and mind as a boundary person for a long time. Judging by his own condition, ill health, ugly face and strange behavior made him restrained from the group. Judging by the person encounters, he was shunted aside the community in the process of seeking for rank, which made him lost social status. Judging by literature elements, poetical fashion of"advocate to strangeness"in Yuan He was also influenced Li He's poems. The effect of the three reasons together made the edge feature came into being so that Li He became the unique wizard on Chinese poetic history.The appendix was made up of two parts.Appendixâ… :Compile the poems with dead subject matter. Classify these poems into three kinds and explain the standard, then line each poem and analysis it simply. Appendixâ…¡: The notes of collation of Li He's poetry. Depending on the original manuscript by Wang Qi and the proofread manuscript of Song Shu period and Mongolia, the writer corrected the mistakes and reinforced some new poetry and 461 pieces were got in 178 pieces of poems.