A Systematic Research On Teaching Staff Of New Style Schools At The End Of Qing Dynasty

Educational transformation was a significant aspect of thereformation from 1901 to 1911. Promoting by the appeal of "imparting knowledge andpromoting education", western education system was introduced into China, schoolsof various levels were established in succession, Imperial Examination System wasofficially abolished, traditional education system and mode had prominent changes.As a new social professional group, teachers who played an important role ininfluencing educational transformation at the end of Qing Dynasty, came into beingalong with the appearance and development of schools. This paper systemicallyresearches the teaching group who was a specific object for observing educationaltransformation.The teaching staff at the end of Qing Dynasty was a mixture of new and oldintellectual groups. Considering its origin, the teaching group can be divided intothree types: old-style literators, homecoming students and the returned students whohad studied in Japan. In this group, teachers came from old-style literators were mostworth concerning. The old literators seeked their livelihood in schools relating to thesituation that teaching staff was in short supply. It was also because of the QingGovernment formulated policies to resolve the old literators' livelihood after theImperial Examination was abolished. Whatever the ways the old literators becameteachers, the fact was clear proof of the point that in the process of educationaltransformation, quite a lot of old literators had opportunities to change their status innew situation and kept their original role and position.With the development of school education and the strengthen of teaching staffing,supervision system was gradually formulated and relevant rules focused onteachers'employment, assessment and qualification were established by the QingGovernment. But educational transformation was in initial period and the teachingstaff was in short supply, these rules were difficult to be executed. Teachers' salarywas different, which depended on their own knowledge level, the type of schools andarea they worked in. Comparing with other professions, teachers' salary was notattractive, but teaching in school was a piece of admirable work.At the end of Qing Dynasty, school education was in its infancy. In this period,the complication of group constitutes affected the group's quality. There was anobvious dividing line between the old and the new's knowledge structure. Among the group, some teachers were knowledgeable and good at teaching. But the old literatorswere in large quantities and some new-style teachers were not really qualified, thesenegative factors exerted a direct effect on education level at the end of Qing Dynasty.The difference of teachers' thoughts and ideas also manifested the distinguish betweenold and new. In the context of social changes at the end of Qing Dynasty,contradiction and confliction between teachers' orientation of knowledge and politicalposition was a miniature of intellectual circles.