The Counteraction Of Military Affairs To Economic Growth In Middle Western Han Dynasty

Since a good while, people's sight has been most fastening on thedecisive status of economic basic and the negativity of military affairs. Since lastcentury, there hasn't had ultimate progress in discussion the track of economy increasefrom the angle of military affairs as well as the studying on the economic positivity ofmilitary affairs!This paper will execute the theory of Marxism, strategics,new institutionaleconomics to mostly analyses the positivity of the military affairs during the metaphaseof Western Han Dynasty and the course that the positivity influenced the economictrend——How did military affairs lead the transformation of the character nation andthe variation of social institution? How did the fire-new institution influence economicperformance? In the course of studying, I will try my best to integrate history,archaeology,strategics and economics to study according as the military affairs alongthe metaphase of Western Han Dynasty: to prove or correct the analytical method ofnew institutional economics.This paper can be divided into six following parts mainly:Ⅰ. Introduction. To introduce the reason of choosing this thesis, academic researchdynamic state and the purpose, theory and method used when studying is the maincontents. In past, academic's sight has been most fastening on the two aspects: thedecisive status of economic basic and the negativity of military affairs, and, the theorybeing adopted has been the induction and summary about treatise of Marxism. For thestudy of military affairs in the medium term of Western Han Dynasty, academic alwayskeep a close watch on the external war in the term of Emperor Hanwu, and mostlycomment the negativity of military affairs. Someone expounded and proved the activityfrom the different angles, but no monograph appeared til today.Ⅱ. The theory of the counteraction of military affairs to economic growth. I willtry to integrate Marxism, Strategics and Economics to sum up the common ultimatenessabout the economic counteraction of military affairs. Concretely, the economiccounteraction of military affairs, the first embodiment is it could protect or destroy the impersonal circumstance which the development of economy needs; the secondcounteraction is that it will lead a variation of social institution because of theasynchronous and discrepant demand of military affairs——especially it could impelthe variation of property right, moreover, lead a deep or shallow variation of socialinstitution: or promote the naissance of new economic system, or promote aimprovement of quondam social institution. The new frame of property right willpromote or block the development of economy, and put up promoting or blocking theprogress of technology,improve or reduce the efficiency of new economysystem(property right), and so forth. Secondly, the economy-system counteraction ofmilitary will be incarnated its corporality. Positively or negatively, it would promote orblock productivity, promote the adjustment of industry configuration, widen economyarea, activate consumption to promote the economy increasing, waste much resource,depopulate, and so on.Ⅲ. The circumstances of military affairs and economy. About forty years in theterm of emperor Hanwu had been fallen into war. The war against Baiyue, Huns, Koreaand Dayuan and so on; building border town, moving people, openning up wastelandand forming cavalryman, which had led a peak-hours of military affairs, but the costs ofmilitary affairs had been so immense. Emperor Hanwu had been put all-round economicreformation into effect for military supply: reformming currency system, deprivingmoney from businessmen,managing as monopoly,carrying out 'Junshu' and'pingzhun', adjusting the finance administration, that means national economy had beenfalling into wartime economy. At thesame time, building border town, moving people,openning up wasteland and forming cavalryman had been to improve combateffectiveness. Although Western Han Dynasty had got signal victory, it had paiddisastrous price as well. In the beginning of emperor Hanwu ascending the throne,national economy had been prosperous scene; but in the end of emperor Hanwu,national economy had been very bleak:about half people falling off, persons eaten, thiefand brigand appeared anywhere, and so on. But, in the Period of emperor Hanzhao andHanxuan, military supply had fallen off, which had made a great help to developedonomy. Moreover, the governer had taken a train of effective economic policis, so theprosperous scene had appeared again.Ⅳ. The study of concrete counteraction. Generally speaking, the economiccounteraction of military affairs during the metaphase of Western Han Dynasty had been that it had protected the social circumstance,produce-essentials and the economyharvest, and I will analyse historical data to prove the inevitability of the war betweenWestern Han Dynasty and Hun, moreover, having it as backdrop, compare the differentplight of the north during the period ruled by Hanwu emperor,Hanzhao emperor andHanxuan emperor to prove my viewpoint that the military affairs during the metaphaseof Western Han Dynasty had protected the social circumstance, population, belongingsand so on in the following time. Athough war destroyed the social circumstance andwaste too much manpower, resource and material resources, the cost must pay in specialhistory period. To understand this, the first thing is that people must establish thethought: peace needs cost. Anciently, academe has spent little time and energy onstudying the positivity, but the positivity appeared has been so clearly: it promoted theadjustment of industry configuration that the development of breed of horse wasembodiment; it widened economy area; it promoted foreign trade and exchange. Ofcourse, the negativity told its own tale: immolated and wasted too much manpower,resource and material resources; aggravated people's burden; made the social systemout of rule; resulted society in heavy crisis.Because common safety, ruler's position and benefit had been threatened, andmilitary affairs can be taken into action only by government, so rule will try best tosolve the the crisis of military affairs. But national economic strength is always limited.To satisfy military suply, ruler had been forced to reform the economic system, adjustedproduce and assign. Maybe the new system is in low effect or effectlessness, and hinderthe development of economy to a certain extent. That's to say:at least, in face ofpressure of military affairs, transaction costs is not the ultimate factor when propertyright is desided.Ⅴ. Summary.