The Research Of Modern Chinese Defensive Modality

Modality is one element in the pragmatics, which is the speaker's sensibility and attitude that is included in the impersonality proposition to form the speech. Therefore, modality is ought to be a necessary content in the grammar research. Defensive modality is a kind of modality that shows undoubtful attitudel which is expressed by the speaker who act carefully to emphasis some subjective view. This kind of modality is usually denoted by some modality adverbs such as"bing";"ke";"you";"cai", and so on.This thesis discusses the defensive modality's way of expression through the research of these four modality adverbs said above in modern Chinese. Until present time, discussion and explaination about this aspect has not been very full-scale. Most of the works have mentioned these four adverbs when they discuss modality, however, they haven't made an all-around research only about these four adverbs, let alone connecting their meaning to "modality research". Based on all the research that had been done by many researchers before , this thesis adopts modern and present oral material of beijing, and then compares the rule of set-up and concealment, which lead to the similarity and grade difference when they are used as pragmatic component of defensive modality. What is more, this thesis tries hard to analyse deeply the reason of internal strong-and-weak leveal of the defensive tense, and then to make an all-around explaination about the system of modern Chinese's defensive modality.The whole thesis can be divided into 6 parts, except the introduction and epilogue. The first part is about the defensive modality. First of all, to explain what is modality, and to point out the shortage about these four adverbs in the anciently research. After the comparation, it can be found that these four defensive modality components are similar on the meaning and have the crossing when using; while there are differences on semantic using and not exactly equal in the same context. From the second to the fifth part include the one-by-one analysis of these four components. After the analysis of the pragmatic background of these components, this thesis displays the rule of set-up and conceal in the speech, and argues the pragmatic meaning of the defensive modality from many points of view. The sixth part of this thesis explains the reason of the internal difference level of defensive modality, by the way of comparing the sematic using and the degree of the modality.This thesis adopts the method of comparation and induction, and combines the principle of pragmatics. The thesis brings forward a new thought and new method of researching modality component, and helps people to understand exactly and use correctly the defensive modality components. At the same time, this thesis still puts up a new exploration about modern Chinese modality research.