Salvation From Alienation Of Enlightenment

This paper discusses the main problem is that since the Enlightenment, holding high the spirit of science has caused reason falling back to be"instrumental reason"and"myth".Enlightenment rationality thus becomes the target of public criticism. In view of this dilemma, for saving enlightenment spirits, the writer reinterprets enlightenment and, on the base ,seeks for the way out of modernity problem with Harbermas'"communicative reason". The thesis mostly uses the method of"presenting"to unfold the question being confronted with and fabricates the route anew。Beginning with medieval Christianity of the ideological rule of the mass, the church has borrowed "God" in the name of economic, political, and ideological fields to rule and dominate the mass. Faced with a dark medieval period, a group of enlightenment fighters spread human reason widely and overthrew the ecclesiastic bondage on the people's thoughts. Kant ,one of the enlightenment thinkers ,established the base of subjective reason through his interpreting enlightenment as the freedom of using reason publicly and by oneself. His"enlightenment"elaborates people dare to openly use their own rational freedom. On the historical context, Kant's Enlightenment was mainly directed against religious purposes. He was using this strength to remove rational criticism from the feudal hierarchy, people from the church to impose the shackles of ignorance and bondage.Kant's "Enlightenment" as described is in a positive sense of the Enlightenment. However, once the absolute reason replaces the sacred powers, it is impossible to avoid reason to become a new kind of worship, a new myth. And equality, freedom, democracy, human rights, the rule of law such as these stirring words in the Age of Enlightenment, once with a combination of supreme authority, it will become a new kind of rule discourse. Simultaneously , with increasing disintegration in modernity development ,reason have caused imbalance of development between instrumental reason and value-reason that enlightenment ideologists like Kant could have reckoned. The above problems are our beginning to introspect and animadvert on the Enlightenment . The reason the Enlightenment having been retrogressed to be mythology is that enlightenment thinkers demanded that"knowledge edges out illusion",which followed by the spirit of science is a kind of mathematical logic, as a general tool to create all the other tools. The instrumental reason process everything with"identical science structure"and"the same ideal apotheosis".It framed and reorganized the nature and the human . Having drawn outline of the world image, human have been the adjunct of system .Instrumental reason invades each corner of social life. Indeed, culture has lost its individuality and become a commercial created by the copy machine.Early thinkers of the Frankfurt School pointed out the sharp tools of the rational spirit of the Enlightenment to make its own opposite, even in the cultural and social phenomena are non-rational human beings brought about by the results of the Enlightenment. This kind of rational criticism and reflection is not senseless, but the full enlightenment on the negative in order to avoid problems of modern solution is not desirable. We should see all rational knowledge and values as the foundation of the meaning of life as it provides a reliable fulcrum and the ultimate yardstick. As long as reason isn't toppled over, it embodies absolute affirmation. But once reason is dismantled , it means that integer value system will collapse and we will plung into the discomfiture condition of skepticism and nihilistic. Herewith ,we should reexamine enlightenment reason , and on the base search a exit for genuine rationality.For enlightenment, we shouldn't apprehend enlightenment as an exoteric , a doctrine or a permanent carrier of knowledge piled up ,but an attitude, the symbol of enlightenment, which animadverted on"nowadays". It is because we will never be able to obtain the understanding of history, the rational enlightenment critical mission is ongoing, we are still in a premature way toward maturity. Therefore, we must not abandon the Enlightenment, and should continue to uphold and promote enlightenment.Now Harbermas adheres to the line of Enlightenment Reason, by representing rational thinking and non-rational thinking of Hegel and Nietzsche's analysis, that they have not yet divorced from the traditional paradigm of philosophy, which has been exhausted. We must continue to adhere to the enlightenment,while it needs another form of rational reconstruction to build the modern philosophical foundation. In the analysis of the modern disease he brings forward"communicative reason"to resolve the issue of subjective reason.Harbermas deems that modern society crisis roots from ruling life of system , life world provides a location ,where doers can understand each other and increasingly accumulates information resource and significance resource remained by the older generations ,which filters into subjects as background knowledge and helps doers understand each other and adjusts behavior between subjects on value lay. Economic system and politic system parting increasingly from life system accommodates people's life style and value tropism on the functional point of view for a purpose .The system's parting from life system represents social progress. In the parting ,if system is still adjusted by life world ,which presents the social progress. However ,if social systems have controlled life world ,life world will be colonized . The sickness, the western society befalling just roots from the social system's invading into life world .Being confronted with the colonized life world , how to save their own lives,so that the community comes towards the development of a healthy direction? Habermas made a language as a medium to exchange based on the concept of the communicative reason.He thinks that animadverting from Hekehaimo Adorno is just to understand modernity in the frame of instrumental reason,which is always a "pessimistic color with the cultural critique."He broadens concept of reason and provides an inter-understanding model in which the central subject switches central intercourse subject. He takes for that the future perfect society will not be composed of communities with rational objective, but of "unlimited contacts Community." The language of the people through sincere exchanges will understand each other ;the individual integration in the cultural, social and economic differences in the field on the basis of the code of ethics will reach a consensus on legal principles,seeking for a possibility of more beautiful and less perilous life. This model not only contains the developing progress of instrumental reason but of value reason ,which is the construction of the meaning of the philosophical foundation.Habermas'communicative reason broaden the connotation of reason, covered with evaluating the advantage of instrumental reason and reviewing value reason simultaneously, so that mankind will understand the living world by the rational evaluation. Although many scholars believe that the concept of Habermas is an unattainable "Romantic utopia." After all,it isn't an illusion but a real and earthly aim. In a certain sense Habermas'intercourse theoretics offers a scheme to save nation ,for opening up the future to provide a new spiritual motivation.