Modal Words Research Of Zu Tang Ji

The Specialized-book research is the foundation of dynastic study which is organic part of the history of the Chinese language.The article devotes to the modal particle in the "Zutangji".We hope we can make contribution to the deeper research and development of the Chinese History.The Tang and Five dynasties are transition times from the ancient times to the modern times.The period is the importantest period in which the modal particle makes formation and development. In this time, The modal particle displays its characteristic ,such as the Inherited modal particle which have evoluted from the Antiquity and the Middle Ages, and the New-born modal particle which have new expression word.The Inherited modal particles include"也,矣,耳,而已,焉,乎,耶,欤,哉,那"",through reserching of the modal particle in the"Zutangji"we can point out the main usages The new-born modal particles accommodate"在,了也,聻,摩,不,否,无,也无,好,看,著",throuch reserching of the modal particle in the"Zutangji"we can analyze the controversial modal particles such as"不,否,无,也无".At the sametime we pay attention to description and analysis on"好,看,在"in the Zutangji.By researching on these particls which appear in the Buddhist scriptures,the buddhist quotations ,the poems,the novels of the Tang and Five dynasties we can conclude that these aiticles of"好,看,在"are the earliest appearance in the specialized book of the Zutangji,not others.We adopt the macroscopic and microcosmic method to inspect these articles.In microcosmic aspect we divide four grammatical functions categories: the tentative modal particle,the query modal particle ,the imperative modal particle and the exclamatory modal particle.On the tentative modal particle we introduce"也,矣,耳,而已,焉,在,了也". On the query modal particle we introduce"乎,耶,欤,聻,摩,不,否,无,也无".On the imperative modal particle we introduce"著,看,好".On the exclamatory modal particle we introduce"矣,哉,也,那".In the sametime we select characteristic modal particle of the Zutangji to anlyze such as"好,看,在".In macroscopic aspect we conclude the overall classification,the analysis and statistics.Through the investigation of the Zutangji,we obtaine the frequency of the modal particle.The occurrence number, the fluctuation,the inheritance ,the usual sentence pattern and the main grammatical significance are summarized in the way of detailed investigation.We obtain careful digital statistics ,we concluse the usage characteristic and point out its final trend of development of the modal particle in the Zutangji.Through the investigation, analyzed and counted us to be possible to see "Zutangji" the expression word system and the antiquity, the Middle Ages compares has had the big change, displayed the expression word strong metabolism the tendency, the newborn expression word's appearance has replaced many inheritance expression word related grammar position. The Tang Five Dynasties are the modern Chinese opening time, " Zutangji " the expression word system's change had reflected the modern Chinese expression word's trend of development, the language fact proved that modern Chinese's many expression word might finds its origin in "Zutangji".This research obtains the conclusion is:一," Zutangji " inherits the expression word"也,矣,耳,而已,焉,乎,耶,欤,哉,那"the use majority of trend decline, has not handed down from generation to generation in the spoken language average.二," Zutangji " the newborn expression word"在,了也,聻,摩,不,否,无,也无,好,看,著"is spreading majority of down, in the modern Chinese many expression words may found the source. Like"无,摩"is the expression word"吗"origin;"聻"is the expression word"呢"primary form.三," Zutangji" the expression word"好,看,在,耶"has manifested the Minnan dialect characteristic.四,Modal words"好,看,在"the use, the beginning sees in " Zutangji".Looking from " Zutangji " the expression word development change's path, whether the expression word own semantics factor adapts the language development, is it spreads or not key; The grammar environment is it changes the external factor; The syntax position is it gradually empty influencing factor.