Study On The Construction And Management Of Shenyang City Before Qing Dynasty's Entry Into Shanhaiguan Pass

The hominid already lived in the city of Shenyang since the new Stone Age which can be strongly proved by the Xinle historic site near the Beiling Temple located in Shenyang city Liaoning Province. Before Latter Jin dynasty was founded, all the dynasties in the Chinese history constructed and developed Shenyang City more or less. The former construction and development of Shenyang City formed the unique culture gradually and created the excellent geographical conditions. In this case, the foundation was made for the future development of Shenyang City. During the regime of Latter Jin, Nuerhachi with great talent and bold vision found Shenyang City advantageous geographically so he decided to make Shenyang City as his last capital city outside the Shanhaiguan Pass. His excellent decision changed the fate of Shenyang City's development. Shenyang City became not only the capital city of a dynasty but also the centre city in politics, economics and culture in the Northeast area gradually.This thesis studies how Shenyang City was constructed and managed before the Qing Dynasty was founded inside the Shanhaiguan Pass.The paper consists of three sections:The first part is the general introduction of Shenyang City's development during the different dynasties before the foundation of the Qing dynasty inside the Shanhaiguan Pass. History is continued. So is the development of Shenyang City. One day or night's construction couldn't possibly make Shenyang City have the scale and historical status like today. Before Latter Jin settled down in Shenyang City, Shenyang City developed and improved gradually under the rule of the different dynasties. However, Shenyang City has been constructed and developed as a military city. After Latter Jin settled down in Shenyang City, a historical turnpoint happened to the Shenyang City's development. Shenyang City became not only the capital city of Latter Jin regime but also the center city in the Northeast area. Shenyang City started to have a complete development.The second part is about the construction of Shenyang City in the aspects of city, palace, politics, economics and culture. Nuerhachi, the forefather of the Qing dynasty, just stayed in Shenyang City for more than a year. He couldn't give consideration to the construction of Shenyang City because of the war and unsolidness. Huangtaiji emperor, the son of Nuerhachi, made a lot of construction of Shenyang City. Shenyang City started to develop very fast. In this case, Latter Jin had a very solid foundation outside of the Shanhaiguan Pass. Shenyang City became the strong backup force of Latter Jin regime to beat the Ming dynasty and get its territory. The complete construction of Shenyang City during the period of Huangtaiji emperor made a foundation for the future and long term development of Shenyang City.The third part is about the management of Shenyang City in the aspects of palace repairs, the habitants and public security and defending. The management of the city can refer to many aspects but the thesis is only based on the limited historic reference documents. The following are very important for the good management of Shenyang City. The palaces need repairing and maintenance every year, so called"yearly repair". The Han people and Man people can get a long with each other. Enough attention must be given to the public security and defending from the enemy because the unending war after Latter Jin's settlement in Shenyang City.The following can be concluded through the thesis. Latter the settlement of Jin in Shenyang City gives its development a historic turnpoint. The construction and management of Shenyang City during Latter Jin regime speeds up the development of Shenyang City. Finally, Shenyang City becomes the most important city outside the Shanhaiguan Pass, the centre city in politics, economics and culture in the Northeast area. The gracious heritage comes down for Shenyang today. The solid foundation is made for today's Shenyang City which will develop to an international metropolis.