A Research On National Government's Social Education In The Anti-Japanese War Times

In the early 20th century, "social education" was brought into China from Japan. The range of social education is particularly widely. It contains any activity that can enhance people's knowledge, skills, physical health or create and change people's thinking and behavior in any way at any place in any time. The narrow connotation of the social education mainly refers to the education implemented by social organs to their members outside of school education and family education. This paper is mainly about the narrow connotation of social education. During the time of Anti-Japanese War, as well as developing as an integral part of the whole education, social education was a way to educate the people and to inspire people to participate in the war of resistance to save the country. At the same time, the bourgeoisie authoritarian education policy of"one doctrine","one party"and"one leader"was penetrated through every process of social education activities. With the impact of war environment, social education presented the characteristics of the war. The goal,the content,the focus and the means of education changed greatly with obvious wartime color. This paper researches the implementation of the social education during the War of Resistance, pointing out the existing problems in its development process and analyzing the causes. From evaluating the importance of social education for education itself and the war of Resistance as well as other social undertakings, the author hopes to sum developing laws of education to make some contributions for today's education development.The paper is divided into six parts. The first part is about the need and the goal of the National Government to continue to promote the implementation of social education in spite of its poor national strength in the turmoil years of the War against Japan. The contents consist of the government responsibility, "Three Principles for the People " propaganda needs, fighting for peoples with the Chinese communist Party and the Japanese invaders , resisting Japan and rebuilding the country as well as maintaining the ruling order. The second part is to introduce the general situation of the social education during the wartimes from a whole view. The contents consist of the education objectives, the education targets, the administration, the personnel training of social education, the funding, the teaching materials, the superintendence and evaluation, the institutions of social education. The third part explains the developing situation of the social education from public education halls, audio-visual education, public out-of-school remedial education, drama education, libraries and the Science Museum, community education groups, schools and their social education, teaching roving vehicle, the education for the disabled and refugees with an attempt to show the full picture of social education and a brief account of the effects of various undertakings. The fourth part is the overall study on the effect of social education. One effect was about the development of the cause, the other was a means to mobilize the enthusiasm of the Anti-Japanese War. Part V is the cause analysis of those effects. The contents are related to the understanding, the educators, the trainee, the shortage of funding and some other aspects of the social education. The final part is about the problems reflected in the implementation of social education and the author's opinions on the development of social education.