The Studies Of The Nuo Opera And The Sai Opera Of Guyi Village

The appearance of Nuo had more than 3000 years history in China. At present,it has been recorded in book of "the Zhou Etiquette ; the Xia Dynasty's official "in the Shangzhou time. In the book, the activity of FangXiangshi jumps nuo, was thought has the mysterious supernatural might - - one kind mystical to conquer the nature, to consummate the human survival environment the strength by the ancient. So Nuo, Xu and Zha becomes three big sacrificial offering ceremonies in the Chinese ancient times. They are the most glorious, and there influence is biggest. They are an important cultural phenomenon in the Chinese history. After several millennium development and variation, Now, Nuo was still popular in some villages of Hebei, Guizhou, Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Anhui, Yunnan.The activity of Zhuo Huanggui that is retained in Guyi village of Wu'an city in Hebei province is a large-scale activity of Nuo.In addition,the sai opera is the important constituent at Nuo performance time, which is performed by the local villagers. It has many characteristics, such as glorious history, bright manifestation, vivid plot.After consulting the massive literature, I think articles of the Nuo of Guyi village mostly focuses on its exterior characteristic, the performance grand occasion, or studies by some specific angle. It still lacked the depth, the breadth theoretical research. Therefore, I arrived Guyi village to investigate the Nuo in several times from July, 2007 from to March, 2008. I investigated the entertainers of the Nuo, photographed the activity of the Nuo, reorganized the script of sai opera. In such foundation, I use ethnology, human cultural science knowledge and the drama studies to study the Nuo of Guyi village, according to method of inspection, survey procedure, literature law, comparison test, content analytic method and so on scientific research method. I have analyzed the characteristic and the value of the Nuo of Guyi village systematically, discussed questions and so on script characteristic, esthetic implication, cultural connotation, formed my individual viewpoint.I believed that the production and the development of the Nuo of Guyi village have the specific reasons."Fang Xiangshi leads hundred officials to carry on the activity",this phenomenon in Shangzhou time had another kind of characteristic, such as great scale, magnificent scene, relating dance and music. With some different of the Nuo in the South, the Nuo of Guyi village has above characteristic. But, the Nuo of Guyi village does not have the role of Fang Xiangshi. Looked from its performers, also is similar with the Song Dynasty nuo activity, side, 12 beasts, Zhenzi sub-and so on vanishing, displace are Taoism deities and so on judge, Zhong Kui, god of the land. The appearance of"Zhang Zhu"had proven the Nuo of Guyi village has the glorious history. Therefore, it displays the Song Dynasty Nuo activity the characteristic. We all know that in the Ming and Qing Dynasties time, the national local opera emerges vigorously, folk scholar will write the reorganization script, the actor presents on the stage performance the situation everywhere. He has the possibility to join in the performance of the Nuo in this time, for the scene lively, prosperous, grand. So the Nuo of Guyi village has extremely the deep pool far history inheritance. In addition, the geographical environment, villagers' religious belief, the cultural entertainment way, the family competition factor and so on all from the specific angle, had decided the Nuo can preserve for a long time .Through on-the-spot investigation and the script explanation, I divides the Nuo of Guyi village into four kinds according to its nature and the content. First, the religious play in order to eliminate evil and disease (may call it"The play of ghost and deity").Second, walks randomly between the human, the god, the ghost amusement person amusement oratorio (a similar descendant's deity play). Third, the amusement person's historical drama (is perfunctory renowned historical personage and story grows perceptibly). Fourth, street corner dumb show, farce. These plays, have the unique performance system, the original ecology performance form, its script structure, plot, character image, language art and so on, also has the characteristic respectively.Their value is huge.