A Study On Conversation Structure Awareness In Teaching Chinese As A Foreign Language

American Conversation Analysis School was established in the early 1960s by sociologist Harvey Sacks and his collaborators, which is a branch of discourse analysis.In conversation analysis theory, the conversation is a section of discourse which consists of two or more turns. Conversation structure refers to the internal structure of dialogue, such as who speaks first, the order of words, how should the speaker pass to others by using turn-taking, how should the speaker change topic, how should the listener take over the turn, how to parenthesis, how to keep talking, how to end the conversation and so on.Conversation is the most common day-to-day phenomenon. To all appearances, the conversation is disorderly and unsystematic; however, in fact, the conversation has a basic structure and rules. Some communication obstacles that foreign students face in conversation not only due to the lack of language knowledge, and most of the inferiors conversation are owing to the less of conversation structure knowledge, but also due to the unawareness of conversation structure's pragmatics function.In this thesis, the author uses the method of conversation analysis theory, on the base of the structure of conversation theory such as the opening of conversation, closing of conversation and the adjacency pairs, analyzes the textbooks that the abroad student used, and analyzes the collected materials from Chinese language students in the classroom conversation, to summed up the main issues that the overseas students facing in the conversation due to the lack of the conversation structure knowledge. Moreover, some countermeasures aim to open up a new perspective for oral Chinese teaching.The whole thesis consists of four chapters:Chapter one is the conversation theory and research methods. From three perspectives, this chapter introduces the research results of conversation structure. The first part is the current situation of conversation theory, in the profession of teaching Chinese as a foreign language, is it is still rare that from the point of training conversation structure awareness to raise the conversation communicative ability; the second session is the overview of the structure of conversation, which introduces the turn, turn-taking, adjacent pairs and other basic concept of structure theory, the major methods includes three steps: collecting, recording and analysis, the transcription system of conversation materials. Meanwhile, it introduces the transliteration marks when transliterating conversation materials.Chapter two is the conversation analysis of teaching Chinese as a foreign language textbook. In this chapter, the author takes the classroom conversation materials as the object of study, by analyzing the character of the beginning and the end in Chinese daily conversation, from two aspects of the beginning and the end of the conversation between strangers and acquaintances, concludes and arranges two materials in textbooks, and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of materials in the beginning and end of conversation.Chapter three is the analysis of classroom conversation practicing and conversation structure of Chinese as a foreign language conversation. By collecting, transliterating and analyzing the conversation material of the classroom conversation, the author makes use of theory of the beginning and the end of the conversation structure, analyzes problems that affects the quality of conversation, due to the lack of awareness and knowledge in the conversation structure.Chapter four is the reasons and countermeasures of the lack of conversation structure. In this chapter, the author first analyzes the reasons of the lack of conversation structure, from aspects of teachers, students, textbooks and culture. And then from angle of establishing conversation system awareness, the author puts forward some suggestions on how to help students accomplish conversation tasks better, and thereby enhance the ability of students' conversation ability, which gives a new train of thought on the composition of the teaching Chinese as a foreign language spoken textbooks and the Chinese language teaching.