The Pre-qin Thinker's Theory On Desire Management And Its Modern Value

This paper have selected three schools: Confucianism , tao and Fa. It pays importance on several representative persons : Confucious, Mencious, Xunzi, Laozi, Zhuangzi and Han Fei. The paper was divided into 4 parts . The theory of desire and the three schools were analyzed, compared in the threes parts, every part includes three parts again: Philosophical foundation of the theory, understanding of desire of managing desire, the means of managing it. The Confucianists regard benevolence, gift as the starting point, acknowledge the objectivity, rationality of people's perceptual desire, emphasize the ethical is the highest. It Proposed desire, raising desire, making the theory of it widowedly, the ways of managing emphasized important function of external cause and paid attention to the training of the subject. It proposed assuaring the people, raising the people, enriching the people, benifiting the people, educating the people and strengthening individual training, The theory permeated all respects in politics, economy of the Confucianists. The Taoist school make do nothing naturally, keep expensive and quiete as its supporting, hope rulers didn't disturb citizens, propose the theory of little want . It despise people's sense organ desire, pay attention to individual spirit freely, turning style of introversion to equal importantnce of inside and outside of the Confucianists, hoping returning to people originally . Yearn for the true man who is natural. Turning equal importance of society, and individual of the Confucianists to emphasizing individuals, Taoist pay close attention to oneself . I. e. personal body and mind, personal disposition; The Taoist school thinks people should make life secure, grow expensively, emphasizing spirit content with one's free, self-sustaining. The Confucianists pay attention to the morals, the Taoist school pays attention to spirit. Difference from these, Legalists pays attention to benefit. Legalists " try by dish ", thinks human nature to be selfish, liking profit and avoiding malicousty, proposes controlling and leading the want, utilizes rewards and punishments, in managing the means of wanting. Lead and want with the interests, control wanting by penalty , emphasizing the restriction, induction of the external cause and putting forward the idea of using fa, shu , shi. The fourth part analyzes the historical limitation and modern value that the pre-Qin period manages wanting, Belittle the material desire on the aspect of ethics has not met the need of the contemporary society yet. But controling want, managing want has rational factors. On the other hand , paying attention to the important function of the interests in actual life. But the idea of protecting the people, raise the people, enriching the people, benefit the people , paying attention to reason and spirit, Valuing personal training, paying attention to legal system, still has important reference in paying close attention to people's livelihood today.