A Study On "Mencius" Verb

"Mencius" is a political prose collection wrote by the Warring States famoust Politicians, thinkers, educators, essayist Mencius and his students. It mainly manifests Mencius main politics, his philosophical and Community views, meanwhile embodies Mencius skilled argument and his outstanding language capability. It is a model of our pre-Qin prose work as well as one of the important classics of Confucianist. This book has a relatively extensive use of the verbs, and its language manifests the characteristics of its era to a certain extent. This article first reorganizes the verbs from this book, then studies its characteristics and rules from different angles and discusses the grammar characteristic of Chinese verbs in Warring States time.This paper takes "Mencius" as its object of study. In the foreword part, it summarizes the present research situation of the book, its compiled time and editions as well as the research methods and purpose of this paper, etc. Then in the following three chapters, it inspects the verbs in "Mencius", reveals the grammar characteristic of its verbs, and discusses some certain evolution characteristic of Chinese verbs starting from pre-Qin times. This paper is mainly made up by three parts:The first chapter: A brief introduction of the verbs in "Mencius". It briefly introduces the verbs and the its characteristics, and proposes determination standard of the verb, the statistics used in measuring the verb quantity in "Mencius", its verb quantity and constitution situation.The second chapter: grammar research on the verbs in "Mencius". It mainly elaborates from four aspects, namely grammar classification of the verb, the analysis of the verb as a component in the sentence, the anomalous verb structure and the diplophonia verb structure. The verb grammar classification is mainly according to the semantics, the grammatical function and the combination relations the verb carries on to "Mencius" exhausts the classification, divides into its all verbs can be willing the verb, save the present verb, to cause the verb, the classified verb, the motional verb, the stative verb, to hasten stops the verb, the sensation verb, the psychological verb While analyzing the grammar function of the verbs in "Mencius", it inspects the situations where the verbs take the role of the predicate, the subject, the object, the attribute, adverbial and the complement from the aspect of verb's function in the sentence. After that a detailed study is done on three kind of special verb structures in "Mencius", namely gearing structure, concurrently language structure, and double objects structure; in the end this paper analyses the characteristics of the diplophonia verb structure.In brief, the use of verb in the book "Mencius" is rich in its quantity, complete in its type, which comprehensively represents the development in Chinese during the pre-Qin periods and can be regarded as a well-known literature work as well as an outstanding linguistics work.